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Why do we sweat?. To cool the body downHigh body temperatures can lead to organ damageAs muscles contract
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1. Heat Illness & Hydration John Neidecker, DO, ATC
Sports Medicine Physician
Cooper Bone & Joint Institute
2. Why do we sweat? To cool the body down
High body temperatures can lead to organ damage
As muscles contract – heat is produced
3. How do we sweat? Neurological response
Skin blood vessels vasodialate – stimulating sweat glands
Sweat evaporates and cools the skin
4. What does sweat contain? Water
Urea
Electrolytes
Sodium
5. The composition is highly variable between individuals Person
Environment
Body weight
Acclimated/Fitness level
6. Performance & Hydration Performance has been shown to decrease secondary to dehydration
Physically
Mentally
Decreases start to happen when there is a decrease in total body water of 2%
7. Performance & Hydration People do not perceive the feeling of being thirsty until there is a decrease in total body water of 3%
8. When things go wrong… Sweat response becomes dysfunctional resulting in
An increase in body temperature
An electrolyte imbalance
9. Electrolyte Imbalance Levels too high or too low can cause
Arrhythmias
Seizure
Brain damage
10. Hyperthermia Increase in body temperature can lead to
Heat Stroke
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Cramps
11. Heat Stroke Defined by
Body temp > 104 F
CNS Dysfunction
Organ Damage
12. Heat Exhaustion Inability to continue exercising
Brain mediated “safety break”
Temperature not as high as HS
13. Heat Cramps Painful muscle cramps
calves
Associated with large amounts of sodium loss
14. Who’s at risk for heat illness? Those who have had it before
Out of shape/Unacclimatized
Overweight
Age
15. Warning signs Change in mental status
Dizziness
Difficulty walking
Vomiting
Hyperventilation
16. Confused with Concussion Take a temperature
17. What to do if suspected Remove athlete from play!!!!!
Call EMS
Place athlete in a shaded area
Ice
Emersion
Bags on head, neck, armpits, groin
18. Quick Aside Sickle Cell Trait
Not a heat illness
Crisis triggered by
Dehydration
Hypoxemia
NCAA D1 – Screening
Does not disqualify from participation
19. Prevention Go into practice fully hydrated
Wear light colored, loose fitting clothing
Exercise during the cooler parts of the day
Acclimate over time
Start 10-14 days before training camp
Start at 10 minutes
Increase by another 10 minutes every 2 days
20. Hydration Guidelines Drink 16 oz of water or sports drink one hour before exercise
Drink 4-8 oz every 15-20 minutes of exercise
Exercising less than an hour, drink water
Exercising more than an hour, drink a sports drink
16 oz is about half a liter
21. After Exercise Hydration Weigh yourself before and after practice
For every 2 lbs lost drink 48 oz
If your urine is dark – you are not drinking enough
22. History of Gatorade Created by researchers at the University of Florida in 1965
“Gator”-aid
Legend of the 1967 Orange Bowl win over Georgia Tech
23. Pickle Juice Anecdotally, helps with muscle cramps
High in sodium
24. Chocolate Milk Post-work out drink
Increase protein synthesis
Increases muscle glycogen
16 oz about 40 min after work out
Low-fat
25. References Armstrong, LE, et. al, American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exertional heat illness during training and competition., Med Sci Sport Exer. 2007. pgs 556-572
Sawka, MN, et. al, American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and fluid replacement., Med Sci Sport Exer. 2007. pgs 377-390