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Air Pollution Types

Air Pollution Types. Chapter 15 10.1. Atmosphere IS a Resource. Atmospheric Composition Nitrogen 78.08% Oxygen 20.95% Argon 0.93% Carbon dioxide 0.04 % Ecosystem services Blocks UV radiation Moderates the climate Redistributes water in the hydrologic cycle .

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Air Pollution Types

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  1. Air Pollution Types Chapter 15 10.1

  2. Atmosphere IS a Resource • Atmospheric Composition • Nitrogen 78.08% • Oxygen 20.95% • Argon 0.93% • Carbon dioxide 0.04% • Ecosystem services • Blocks UV radiation • Moderates the climate • Redistributes water in the hydrologic cycle

  3. The Atmosphere is a Commons

  4. Types and Sources of Air Pollution • Air pollution- the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into the atmosphere at concentrations high enough to harm plants, animals, and materials such as buildings, or to alter ecosystems. • Two categories • Primary Air Pollutant -v- Secondary Air Pollutant

  5. Long Distance Transport of Air Pollutants

  6. EPA’s Six Criteria Pollutants • SO2 • NOx • COx (CO) • PM • O3 • Lead

  7. Those Not On the List- But Still Important • CO2 • Hg • VOC’s

  8. Air Pollution Around the World • Air quality is deteriorating rapidly in developing countries • Shenyang, China -Residents only see sunlight a few weeks each year • Developing countries have older cars • Still use leaded gasoline • 5 worst cities in world • Beijing, China; Mexico City, Mexico; Shanghai, China; Tehran, Iran; and Calcutta, India

  9. Particulate Matter

  10. NOTE Requirement

  11. Nitrogen /Sulfur Oxides

  12. COx

  13. O3

  14. Photochemical Oxidants • Oxides that are reactive compounds that remove electrons from other substances • Harmful to plant tissues • Human respiratory tissue • Construction materials

  15. SMOG • Photochemical (LA Type) • Sulfurous (London Type)

  16. Mexico City NYC New term: atmospheric brown cloud Sao Paulo

  17. Lead • Gasoline • Paints • Brain Damage • Hg • Bioaccumulate • biomagnifies • VOC’s • HC, aromoatics • Lighter fluid • Dry cleaning fluid

  18. Primary Pollutants • Primary pollutants- polluting compounds that come directly out of the smoke-stack, exhaust pipe, or natural emission source. • Examples: CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, and most suspended particulate matter.

  19. Secondary Pollutants • Secondary pollutants- pollutants that have undergone transformation in the presence of sunlight, water, oxygen, or other compounds. • Examples: ozone, sulfate and nitrate

  20. Natural Sources of Air Pollution • Volcanoes • Lightning • Forest fires • Plants

  21. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippenes

  22. Anthropogenic Sources of Air Pollution • On-road vehicles • Power plants • Industrial processes • Waste disposal

  23. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

  24. Effects of Air Pollution • Low level exposure • Irritates eyes & Causes inflammation of respiratory tract • Can develop into chronic respiratory diseases

  25. Children and Air Pollution • Greater health threat to children than adults • Air pollution can restrict lung development • Children breath more often than adults • Children who live in high ozone areas are more likely to develop asthma

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