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Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis. Section 1 Discovery of DNA. All living things have DNA. Your DNA holds the instructions for everything about you. Fredrick Griffith. Discovered transformation -

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Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

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  1. Chapter 10DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Section 1 Discovery of DNA

  2. All living things have DNA. Your DNA holds the instructions for everything about you.

  3. Fredrick Griffith • Discovered transformation- • the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another organism He was looking for a vaccine against pneumonia. Virulent- disease-causing

  4. Griffith’s Experiment • R (rough) strain- no capsule • (harmless) • S(smooth) strain- has a capsule • (causes pneumonia) The capsule was destroyed with heat.

  5. Oswald Avery • For years, people thought that genetic information was contained in cell protein. • Avery set out to find out if the transforming agent in Griffith’s experiment was DNA, RNA, or protein.

  6. DNA, RNA, or Protein?? • Avery and other scientists sequentially destroyed DNA, RNA, and protein. • In the RNA and protein- destroyed samples, the mice died • When DNA was destroyed, the mice lived. • His conclusion, DNA is the transforming agent in bacteria.

  7. Hershey-Chase Experiment • Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey

  8. Bacteriophage- a virus that infects bacteria

  9. Hershey-Chase Experiment • Set out to answer the question of whether DNA or protein was the hereditary material viruses transfer when they enter a bacteria cell.

  10. Their conclusion: • DNA is the hereditary molecule in viruses. E. coli

  11. Section 2: DNA Structure • By the early 1950s biologists accepted DNA as the hereditary material, but did not understand its structure or how the molecule could replicate, store and transmit information, or direct cell function.

  12. James Watson and Francis Crick • Credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA. Perhaps even more significantly it explained how DNA could replicate.

  13. Received the Nobel Prize for their work.

  14. Rosalind Franklin • She took x-ray photographs of DNA that helped

  15. DNA Nucleotides consist of 3 parts: 1) A five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2) A phosphate 3) a nitrogen base (A) adenine (T) thymine (G) guanine (C) cytosine

  16. A DNA molecule • Hydrogen bonds are located between the bases

  17. Two groups of bases: • Purines- have 2 rings Pyrimidines- have one ring

  18. Base-Pairing rules: • Cytosine pairs with Guanine • Adenine pairs up with Thymine A plant’s DNA has nucleotides that are 20% thymine. What percentage of guanine would be present? 30%

  19. Complementary Base Pairs • One purine pairs up with one pyrimidine Just one more thing… Use the base-pairing rules to determine the base sequence that is complementary to the sequence C-G-A-T-T-C-G G-C-T-A-A-G-C

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