1 / 33

Political Experiments of the 1920’s

Political Experiments of the 1920’s. Unit I. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement. New Governments Soviet Union – Bolsheviks – _________________________________ Germany & Austria Hungary – Democratically elected _________________________________.

ursa-deleon
Download Presentation

Political Experiments of the 1920’s

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Political Experiments of the 1920’s Unit I

  2. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • New Governments • Soviet Union – Bolsheviks – _________________________________ • Germany & Austria Hungary – Democratically elected _________________________________

  3. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • Wilsonian vision of democratic, self-determined nations flounders • Harsh realities of ________________, aggressive _______________, revived political conservatism, and lack of experience in democratic parliamentary government. • Also, important sectors of citizens believed parliamentary gov’t was naturally _____________ or unequal to great nationalistic enterprise

  4. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement II. Demands for Revision of Versailles • ________________ and discontent among numerous countries • Germany ___________________ – endless haggling over reparations payments • Various Eastern European states felt ___________________ in the case of self-determination • Calls for ________________ adjustments

  5. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • ______________ believed the treaty was being inadequately enforced • Calls for enforcement of change contributed to __________________________________ • Political figures take advantage of this turmoil to capture ____________________________

  6. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement III. Postwar Economic Problems • Desire to return to prewar economic prosperity would prove __________________ • Millions of people had been killed = loss of ______________, __________________ and ___________________ • Widespread ______________________ of transport facilities, mines, and industry

  7. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • European financial _____________________ and ____________________________ disappears with war • European nations deeply in debt to the ___________ and each other • Bolsheviks _____________________ tsarist debt – mostly owed to __________________ • US asks for no payment from __________________, but demands payment from ____________________ • Nations compelled to pursue selfish ___________________________ economic aims

  8. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • _______________ and ______________ conditions change radically • _______________ withdraws from ____________________ economic order • New states had weak, __________________ economies • New states and new borders separate __________________ from ___________ materials • Railway systems were controlled by ________________________________ • New ________________ barriers were raised

  9. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • US no longer reliant on _________________ production – becomes a major competitor • Postwar economic growth in colonies or former colonies lowered demand for ________________________ goods • US and Japan began to penetrate markets in _____________________ and ___________

  10. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement IV. New Roles for Government and Labor • Large gov’t bureaucracies planned the course of ________________ and ______________ of goods during wartime • Governments realized the large productive and employment power of an economy placed under __________________________ • This would be carried over to _____________________ operations

  11. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • Through _______________________ during the war, labor achieved new prominence and their demands could not be ignored by the gov’t • __________________________________ and union recognition could not be abandoned • ________________________ was suspicious of the new role of labor and socialist political parties • Middle perpetuates the ______________________ to fend off the further social and economic advances of the working classes

  12. Political and Economic Factors After the Paris Settlement • The turn to _________________ democracy and the extension of ____________________ to women & previously disenfranchised males = gov’t must now answer to a large ______________________

  13. Joyless Victors • France: The Search for Security • French elect a doggedly ____________________ Chamber of Deputies • Many _________________________ in Chamber • ____________________ loses bid for presidency • Deputies want to achieve future security against ___________________ and Russian Communism • Make few concessions to domestic ____________________________ • France governed by ________ different cabinets between 1920 & 1933

  14. Joyless Victors • New Alliances • 1920 & 1921 – Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia form the ____________________ • France forms alliance with entente and _______________ • Little Entente was no match for __________________ nor were they reliable • Poland and Romania more concerned about ___________________ • Feeling isolated and in danger, ___________________ and ______________________ sign an treaty in 1922 • Diplomatic and ___________________ treaty proves useful for both • Germans helped train Russian _____________ which helped Germans gain experience with ___________________ and _____________________

  15. Joyless Victors • Quest for Reparations • France declares Germany in ______________ of reparations • Sends troops to occupy the ______________ mining and manufacturing region • Germans go on ___________________ • France sends ________________ to run mines and railroads • Germans __________ • England stayed out of issue, became suspicious of ______________ and sympathetic toward ______________ • France & Germany suffer increased _______________ • France’s economy damaged

  16. Joyless Victors • France 1924 – conservatives out, coalition of leftist parties in (Edouard Herriot leader) • Recognition of __________________ and more conciliatory policy toward ____________________ • _________________________________ becomes foreign minister – champion of the League, did not believe French military power gave it unlimited power over foreign affairs in Europe • _______________________ intensifies in 1925 – Poincare returns to office in 1926 – inflation cools an the Franc recovers • _______________________ remain power for the rest of the 1920’s – France enjoys general prosperity until 1931

  17. Joyless Victors II. Great Britain • 1918 – Parliament expanded the _______________ to all men aged 21 and women aged 30 (age lowered to 21 for women in 1928) • Liberal, ____________________________________ becomes Prime Minister • British economy ___________________ throughout the 1920’s • High _____________________ and expanded gov’t ____________________ programs

  18. Joyless Victors • The First Labor Government • 1922 – Lloyd George is replaced by Conservative, Bonar Law – a Liberal would never be prime minister again • Law is replaced by Stanley Baldwin • 1923 – conservatives lose their majority in the __________________________________________ • ______________________________ has the 2nd largest group of members in House of Commons • Labor Party was ____________________, but not revolutionary • Ramsay MacDonald faced with proving that the Labor Party is ____________________ and ______________________

  19. Joyless Victors • The General Strike • 1924 – ___________________________ regain power – Stanley Baldwin returns to office • Gov’t attempts to restore prewar conditions of _______________ • Britain returns to the ____________ standard • Gov’t sets conversion rate too _____________ against other currencies – British goods become too expensive • Management tries to lower prices by cutting _____________ – coal industry most affected

  20. Joyless Victors • Coal workers go on strike – other sympathetic workers commence a _______________________ lasting 9 days • Ultimately the miners and other unions would capitulate – gov’t reconcile with labor • ________________________________ improves somewhat during this time

  21. Joyless Victors • Empire • __________________ and __________________ begin to demonstrate new independence • _________________ – Congress Party led by Mohandis Ghandi was drawing widespread attention • India can now impose ___________________ to protect its own industry

  22. Joyless Victors • Ireland • 1914 – _________________________ bill passed Parliament, but it was not implemented during the war • ___________________________, tired of waiting, foment a nationalist uprising on Easter Monday, 1916 – suppressed in les than one week • Leaders are executed, become _______________ • Leadership shifts from Irish Party in Parliament to the extremist ____________________ movement (“Ourselves Alone”)

  23. Joyless Victors • Sinn Fein Party wins all but four of the Irish seas in Parliament • Convene their own Irish Parliament in January 1919 and declare __________________________ • Military wing of Sinn Fein becomes the ________________________________________ • _____________________ war breaks out between IRA and British army • Treaty signed in December 1921 – Irish Free State declared – ________________________ remains with GB • _________________________ between Irish moderates and diehards • __________________ support treaty – _________________ want complete independence

  24. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment Introduction • Bolsheviks seize power through _____________ rather than through political means • Early membership was less than _____% • Marxist-Leninist ideology was far more encompassing than the ____________________ of the Fascists and the racism of the nazis • Communists regarded their gov’t as an ______________________ event in the history of the world and the development of humanity

  25. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment • The Third International • Founded in 1919 – better known as the _______________ • Imposed _______________ Conditions on any other socialist party wishing to become a member • Wished to make the ____________ model of socialism the rule for all socialist parties outside of the Soviet Union • Emerging communist parties modeled themselves after the ____________ party and pursued policies dictated by Moscow

  26. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment • Emerging social democratic parties attempted to pursue both ______________ reform and ______________ parliamentary politics • These two groups tended to fight each other • ____________________ political movements rarely had to confront a united opposition on the left

  27. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment II. War Communism • The Red Army under _________________ organization suppressed internal and foreign military opposition • Secret police was known as ____________ • War Communism = ____________________ • __________ confiscates and operates banks, transport facilities, and heavy industry • Seized grain from ______________ in countryside to feed the army and workers in the city

  28. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment • The revolution triumphed, but ____________ remained • The Navy at Kronstadt mutinied, but Red Army continued to _____________________

  29. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment III. The New Economic Policy (NEP) • The NEP included some _______________ economic enterprise • Peasant were permitted to farm for a _____________ • They would pay taxes, but were allowed to sell their ____________ grain on the open market • Lenin saw the peasantry as the _________ to the success of the revolution

  30. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment • Free enterprise _______________ within light industry and domestic retail trade • Industrial production reached ________ levels • Russia was becoming a land of ____________________ and privately owned ___________________________

  31. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment IV. Stalin Versus Trotsky • ___________ – highest governing committee of the Communist Party • Some people not happy with the return of _____________ • Lenin has __________ in 1922; dies in 1924 • Two factions emerge – _________________ • __________ was the general secretary of the party in 1922

  32. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment • Lenin criticized both men before his death, but _________ more so than ___________ • ___________ political ties and daily operating power gave him the upper hand • ___________ Left Wing Position • Expropriation of farm production – _____________ should pay for industrialization • Success in Russia depended on ______________ elsewhere in the world – need for ________________________________ of other nations

  33. The Beginning of the Soviet Experiment • Stalin’s Position • _________________ – right-wing faction • Manipulated by ______________, they wanted to retain the NEP and slow industrialization • Doctrine of socialism in one country – __________ could do it on her own • Stalin is not an __________________ & his tactics could be ____________ • _______ eventually pushes ___________ out of Russia • _________ now firmly in control of the _____________ state

More Related