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L.Carroll. Through the Looking - Glass and What Alice Found There

L.Carroll. Through the Looking - Glass and What Alice Found There. " The time has come,' the Walrus said, "To talk of many things: Of shoes -- and ships -- and sealing-wax -- Of cabbages -- and kings -- And why the sea is boiling hot -- And whether pigs have wings . '. MODERN OPTICS.

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L.Carroll. Through the Looking - Glass and What Alice Found There

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  1. L.Carroll. Through the Looking - Glass and What Alice Found There "The time has come,' the Walrus said, "To talk of many things: Of shoes -- and ships -- and sealing-wax -- Of cabbages -- and kings -- And why the sea is boiling hot -- And whether pigs have wings.'

  2. MODERN OPTICS (OPTICS YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW) What is optics Subdivisions Modern laser-based optical physics Applications Optics over the centuries Alexander Popov

  3. Visible range The Wavelengths of Visible Radiation: From   700 nm (7 ·10 -5 cm, red light) to   400 nm (4 ·10 -5 cm, violet). Optical Electro-Magnetic Radiation: (sub-millimeter) 10 -3 cm    10 -8 cm (x-rays). The speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental physical constant c=299,792,458 metres per second, or about 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometres per second).

  4. OPTICS is a science concerned with the genesis and propagation of light, the changes it undergoes and produces, and other phenomena closely associated with it. Major branches: • physiological optics • geometrical optics • instrumental optics • physical optics

  5. Koz’ma Prutkov One cannot find a thing so small that it couldn’t embrace an even smaller thing.

  6. (Physical) OPTICS(Optos,Optike) Physiological Photometry Geometrical Wave Crystal Metal Quantum Computational Quasi-optics Nonlinear Electro-optics Magneto-optics Spectroscopy Super Strong Fields Nonlinear Spectroscopy Laser Spectroscopy Scattering Absorption Fluorescent Opto-acoustical Photo-ionization Raman Analytical Mand.-Brilluen

  7. M. Bulgakov • I order: ‘Don’t write unauthorized • words on the stove!’

  8. Optics(applications) Physiological Photometry Geometrical Wave Quantum LASERS Illumination Shows Design Nonlinear Optics • High-resolution devices • Holography • Interferometers • Diffraction devices • Polarimeters • Nephelometers • (fluctuations, • inhomogeneities) • Photo-detectors • Photodiodes • Electro-optical • converters • Телевидение • Solar Batteries • Spectroscopy • Nuclear • Atomic • Molecular • Plasma • Solids • Analytical

  9. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky Very diverse and contradictory gossip circulates about those territories cut from the World and administrative influence.

  10. WHY LASERS? Coherent, super-high-frequency EM radiation focused in: • spectral interval/ ~ 10-15(monochromatic); • solid angle (targeted emission) ~(/D)2 ~ 10-15; • spot A ~ ()2and volume V ~()3 ~ 10-15cm -3(focusing); • time interval ~ 2/ ~ 10-15s • E (Q/A)1/2

  11. M. Svetlov • Fantasies need details…

  12. Formula E... E(t, z) = j Aj cos(j t – kj z), E = ½j [Ajexp(ijt + kjz) + k.c.] P (L) (t, z) = (1)·E (t, z), P = P (L) + P (NL) . P (NL) (t, z) = (1) · E (t, z) + (2) · E2 (t, z) + (3) · E3 (t, z)+ …= (E) · E cos2x = ½(1 + cos 2x), cos3x = ¼ (3cos x + cos 3x).

  13. Y.R. Shen. Principles of Nonlinear Optics. Physics would be dull and life most unfulfilling if all physical phenomena around us were linear. Fortunately, we are living in nonlinear world. While linearization beautifies physics, nonlinearly provides excitement in physics.

  14. Nonlinear Optics Incoherent Processes Coherent Processes Nonlinear Absorption Nonlinear Refraction Harmonics Generation, Frequency-mixing, Wave-surface Correction, Image Restoration Multi-photon Absorption, Emission, and Spectroscopy Self-focusing Self-defocusing, Self-action

  15. R. Kipling • …On absolutely absurd, • definitely impossible, • and unavailing.

  16. WHY LASERS? Coherent, super-high-frequency EM radiation focused in: • spectral interval/ ~ 10-15(monochromatic); • solid angle (targeted emission) ~(/D)2 ~ 10-15; • spot A ~ ()2and volume V ~()3 ~ 10-15cm -3(focusing); • time interval ~ 2/ ~ 10-15s • E (Q/A)1/2

  17. LASER APPLICATIONS • BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, PHOTOCHEMISTRY • ISOTOPE SEPARATION, THERMO-NUCLEAR FUSION • OPTO-ELECTRONICS, INTEGRATED OPTICS • OPTICAL MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE (RAM and ROM) • ALL-OPTICAL AND QUANTUM COMPUTERS • ADAPTIVE OPTICS and WAVE–FRONT CONJUGATION • OPTICAL (FIBEROPTICAL) NETWORKING • RANGE-FINDING, LIDARS, REMOTE SENSING • MATERIAL PROCESSING, MICRO&NANO TECHNOLOGIES

  18. Students’ folklore • If you obtain “-i” while solving a problem,don’t be frustrated. Just multiply it by “i”.

  19. 5000-0 B.C. (The Ancients) Rectilinear Propagation, The Law of Reflection (Catoptrics) Mesopotamia Egypt, India 5000 B.C. Pythagoras 570-500 B.C. Euclid 325-265 B.C. Plato 427-347 B.C. Aristotle 384-322 B.C.

  20. 1200-1650 (Medieval) Two-lens Microscope Hans Jansen (Holland) 1590-1608 Image Formation (Empirical Rules) Spectacles 13 century Refraction Law (Dioptrics) Descartes, Fermat (France) 1637 Telescopes Galileo Galilei (Italy) 1609 Snell (Holland) 1621

  21. 1650-1850 Interference Diffraction Dispersion Speed of Light (Wave Optics) Huygens (Holland) Wave Concept Introduced Acoustics 1629-1695 Grimaldi (Italy) Diffraction 1665 Newton (England) Corpuscular Concept 1643-1727 Bartholin (Denmark) Double Refraction 1669 Fresnel (France) 1788-1827 Young (England) 1801 Wave Concept Established Roemer (Denmark) Velocity of Light 1676

  22. 1850-1900 Lebedev (Russia) Light pressure (Direct Measurement) 1899 Electro-magnetic Theory of Light And Electron Theory Its Interaction With a Matter Faraday (England) Concept of Field, Polarization Rotation In Magnetic Field 1848 Lorentz (Holland) Explanation 1897 Maxwell (Scotland) Equations of EM Field 1864 Zeeman (Holland) Splitting 1896 L’Rau (France) Аnomalous Dispersion dn / d  0 1862 Drude (Germany) Helmholtz (Germany) Lorentz (Holland) Atoms-Oscillators 1896 Rayleigh (England) Scattering by Oscillators 1871 Кunge (Germany) Interrelation between Absorption and Dispersion 1872 Herz (Germany) (v=с) 1888 Selmeire (Germany) Oscillators in EMF 1872

  23. 1905 Einstein Special Principle of Relativity Young, Fresnel, Arago, Fizeau, Lorentz Theory of the Aether Michelson, Morley (Germany, USA) 1881, 1887 Classical Theory Completed Vavilov, Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm (USSR) 1937 Gabor(Hungary)1948 Denisyuk (USSR)1962 Holography

  24. Planck (1900)Einstein (1905 , 1917) Quantum Theory of Light EXPERIMENTS EXPLAINED: Stokes (England) Red Shift of the Scattered Light 1850 Compton (USA) Red Threshold for the Shift of the Scattered X-Rays 1922 Hertz (Germany) Stoletov (Russia) Photoeffect 1887-1888 Mandelstamm, Landsberg (USSR) Raman (India) Raman Scattering 1928

  25. OPTICS GAVE RISE TO: Quantum Theory of Matter (1913 - 1930) Bohr(1913) (Denmark) Born, Heisenberg (Germany) Pauli (Austria) Schroedinger (1926) (Austria) Dirac (England) Landau, Fock (USSR) Fermi (Italy, USA) Discovery of Quantum Generators of EM Radiation, Appearance of Laser Physics, Nonlinear Optics, Optoelectronics, Photonics

  26. 1953-1955 Basov, Prokhorov, Townes Masers Fabrikant (USSR) … Maiman (USA) Solid-State Laser 1960 Javan (USA) Gas Laser 1961 Franken (USA) Frequency Doubling 1961 Lasers Nonlinear Optics

  27. Rev. in opt REVOLUTION IN OPTICS

  28. Unkown thinker. • Find out what you most of all • like to do in your life. • And then do it!

  29. E. Rutherford • I think all that is very simple.

  30. www.britanica http://search.britannica.com/search?adv Optics, light, electromagnetic radiation.

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