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BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1)

BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1). Roger Barlow Scientific Advisory Committee Cockcroft Institute November 1 st 2010. BASROC. A group from -universities -Institutes -hospitals -industry. Cockcroft (Liv, Man) John Adams (Oxford) ASTeC etc. British Accelerator Science and

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BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1)

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  1. BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1) Roger Barlow Scientific Advisory Committee Cockcroft Institute November 1st 2010

  2. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC BASROC A group from -universities -Institutes -hospitals -industry Cockcroft (Liv, Man) John Adams (Oxford) ASTeC etc British Accelerator Science and Radiation Oncology Consortium Goal: Hadron therapy through the nsFFAG.

  3. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC CONFORM • BASROC's first project • £8M “Basic Technology” • Develop the nsFFAG and build an industry on it - EMMA – already covered - PAMELA - Applications Construction Of a Nonscaling FFAG for Oncology Research and Medicine Project nearly complete (3½ / 4 years) and money all spent.

  4. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC PAMELA Proton and carbon rings Design finalised Prototyping needed for magnets and kickers

  5. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC PAMELA

  6. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Other Proton therapy developments Bid for proton therapy at Manchester shortlisted HO, RB consultants on accelerator selection, and research projects

  7. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC ADSRs: History May 2009 Science Minister Lord Drayson visits Daresbury and learns about ADSRs. Asks for optioneering report on the possibilities for British industry ThorEA compiles report, with help from STFC Report submitted early 2010 Minister requests comments from experts, via STFC and NCE, to Govt Chief Scientist Comments mostly positive but mixed – not enough to get enthusiastic acceptance May 2010 – new government ..............

  8. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC “Towards an Alternative Nuclear Future” Put together by Bob Cywinski Available as a physical booklet and on the web http://www.thorea.org/publications/ThoreaReportFinal.pdf

  9. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Technical content Case for Thorium and ADSRs as sustainable power source providing acceptable nuclear solution to looming energy crisis Proposes 3 stage R & D programme AESIR (Accelerator Energy System with Inbuilt Reliability) LOKI – a 30 mA 35 MeV high reliability proton LINAC – 2 years to develop, cost £40M FREA – add a booster (probably an FFAG) to get to 400 MeV, taking 3 years and £115M THOR – a second booster, taking the energy to 1 GeV, feeding an ADSR core generating 600MW. Total cost £1-2 Bn. Operational by 2025 LOKI and FREA could be built at Daresbury, utilising existing infrastructure.

  10. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Accelerator Options LOKI + FREA+ THOR Consider and evaluate all these options as part of the R&D programme Threefold to boost reliabilty if nsFFAGs work LOKI + RCS LOKI + LINAC

  11. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC The responses (1) The Accelerator Is now the right time? Aren't you putting too much hope in FFAGs? What about beam losses? Why not do this through international collaboration? Are the dates and costs realistic? These responses, and our answers to them, are contained in the published report

  12. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC The responses (2) The Reactor List 7 positive points (efficiency, abundance, low waste, compatibility, plutonium disposition, non-proliferation, safety (arguably)) And 2 negative points (cost, proliferation) Worries about fuel manipulation and recycling (THOREX) being difficult owing to the 232U. Proliferation - weapons without the need for an enrichment step(!!). “In priority space, if the UK was to invest £300m of public money in nuclear R&D, it would yield greater benefits to direct this into the niche areas where the UK has historical capability and can strengthen its role and contribution in Gen IV systems and international work on developing proliferation resistant fuel cycles as part of international shared cost development programmes.”

  13. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC The responses “From the nuclear energy perspective, the appropriate approach is judged to be a watching brief on the technology, and that it should not be a priority area for focus. It may be worthwhile carrying out a further paper assessment of the evidence for this technology.” We have to decide where to take it from here

  14. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC The ADTR Aker solutions – development of the Energy Amplifier. 600 MW Thorium fuelled ADSR Twin 5 mA 1 GeV Linacs, H+ and H-, k=0.995, Boron control rods frequency 704.4 M Hz temperature of 2K 5 cell cavities 3 distinct sections • 115 MeV to 192 MeV, β = 0.51 • 192 MeV to 481 MeV, β = 0.65 • 481 MeV to 1GeV, β = 0.85

  15. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Spallation Neutrons on Thorium For 1 GeV proton beams you can (just about) achieve 1 232Th→233U conversion per incident proton, by suitable arrangement of target rods, reflectors, and general geometry. Conversion of a usable fraction of a rod is possible, but will take hours of exposure. Must consider decays and other reactions as composition changes. Also material stability of the ThO2 under neutron bombardment and chemical changes: this looks hopeful Simulations done using GEANT4 New classes developed (CB)

  16. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Targets: more muons from ISIS Studies (AB) show ISIS muon target can give an extra 40% surface muons, and catch around 50% more Also shows that proton energy for maximum surface muons is 500 MeV, not 800+

  17. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC The search for CP violation in neutrinos Neutrino Oscillations depend on L/E Fix E, vary L, the source-detector distance Detector is massive. Build several sources at: 20, 8, 1.5 km 1 mA protons,stopping muons, and look for ͞νμ→ ͞νe “The design utilizes low-cost, high-power proton accelerators under development for commercial uses.” That means stacked cyclotrons – or FFAGs HO+RB in Collaboration Also Morgan Wascko (IC)

  18. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC PRISM The ultimate μ→e conversion experiment. Range down to 10-18 . Phase Rotated Intense Slow Muon source 68 MeV.c but takes muons with 20% momentum spread and reduces it to 2% by an FFAG which rotates the phase. Time spread 20-200 ns. Essentially zero background Cockcroft involved in 'PRISM task force'

  19. Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Conclusions targets PAMELA ADSR Hadron therapy Protons & FFAG Thorium Power PRISM Neutrino factory 10/12/10 Roger Barlow: ADSRs 19

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