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What is Bioinformatics?

What is Bioinformatics?. National Institute of Health (NIH) : Research, development, or application of computational tools and approaches for expanding the use of acquisition, storage, organization, archiving, analysis, or visualization of: biological data medical data behavioral data

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What is Bioinformatics?

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  1. What is Bioinformatics? • National Institute of Health (NIH) : • Research, development, or application of computational tools and approaches for expanding the use of acquisition, storage, organization, archiving, analysis, or visualization of: • biological data • medical data • behavioral data • health data

  2. Bioinformatics Interdisciplinary Science • Natural and Health Sciences • Computer Science • Mathematics • Statistics

  3. Natural and Health Sciences • Genomics : analyze or compare the entire genetic complement of a species or species • Proteomics: defines the "proteome" as: "the Protein complement of the genome“ • Pharmacogenomics: is the application of genomic approaches and technologies to the identification of drug targets. • Pharmacogenetics: All individuals respond differently to drug treatments; some positively, others with little obvious change in their conditions and yet others with side effects or allergic reactions. • Cheminformatics: "the combination of chemical synthesis, biological screening, and data-mining approaches used to guide drug discovery and development“ • Medical Informatics: "implementation of structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding and management of medical information."

  4. Primary sequence databases • EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory nucleotide sequence database at EBI, Hinxton, UK)GenBank (at National Center for Biotechnology information, NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA)DDBJ (DNA Data Bank Japan at CIB , Mishima, Japan) • Protein sequence databases • SWISS-PROT (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, SIB, Geneva, CH) • TrEMBL (=Translated EMBL: computer annotated protein sequence database at EBI, UK) • PIR-PSD (PIR-International Protein Sequence Database, annotated protein database by PIR, MIPS and JIPID at NBRF, Georgetown University, USA) • UniProt (Joined data from Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and PIR) • UniRef (UniProt NREF (Non-redundant REFerence) database at EBI, UK) • IPI (International Protein Index; human, rat and mouse proteome database at EBI, UK) • Carbohydrate databases • CarbBank (Former complex carbohydrate structure database, CCSD, discontinued!) • 3D structure databases • PDB (Protein Data Bank cured by RCSB, USA)EBI-MSD (Macromolecular Structure Database at EBI, UK ) • NDB (Nucleic Acid structure Datatabase at Rutgers State University of New Jersey , USA)

  5. Computer Science Development: • DATA SEARCH TOOLS • DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS • DATA MINING AND CLUSTERING APPLICATIONS • ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS • DATAWAREHOUSING Statistical Algorithms Neural Networks Genetic algorithms Nearest neighbor method Rule induction Data visualization Synchronous Tree Construction Hidden Markov Models Bayesian Informatics

  6. Undergraduate Studies Areas of Concentration Computer Science • C++ • JAVA • PERL • PHP • UNIX • Database • Data mining algorithms Life Sciences Genetics Molecular Biology Organic Chemistry Biochemistry

  7. Biostatistics • Biostatistics: The development of statistical principles and methods and their application to problems in the medical, biological, and health sciences. • Epidemiology • Bioinformatics • Medical informatics.

  8. Biostatistics Biostatistics I Incomplete data; life tables; nonparametric methods; parametric models; accelerated failure time models; proportional hazards models; partial likelihood; advanced topics. Biostatistics: II Likelihood and linear regression; generalized linear model; Binomial regression; case-control studies; dose-response relations; Poisson regression; Gamma regression; quasi-likelihood models; estimating equations; multivariate GLMs. Biostatistics III Biostatistician Methods and Models for one of the following: Genetics, Bioinformatics and Genomics; Longitudinal or Functional Data; Clinical Trials and Experimental Design Environmental Data; Dose-response, Nutrition and Toxicology; Survival Analysis; Observational Studies and Epidemiology; Computer-intensive or Bayesian methods

  9. Computational Biology National Institute of Health (NIH) : Simulation techniques to the study of the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical- and computational-modeling • Biological systems • Molecular Biology • Behavioral systems • Neural Systems • Social systems • complex socio-technical systems

  10. More Computational application Areas • Computational Chemistry-Physics Modeling: • Movement and function of electrons in molecules • Quantum mechanical effects • Catalysis & combustion • Nanoscience • Neurochemistry.

  11. Careers • The range of starting salaries tends to increase with the level of training. • Bachelor $ 50-60 K • Masters $ 60-100 K • PhD $ 80-125 K • Jobs Graduate Studies Bioinformatics Biometrics and Biostatistics

  12. Majors Biology with Minor in Bioinformatics CS with Minor in Bioinformatics Math Computer science Biology Chem. MAT 152 Statistics CS 231 CS I BIO foundations Chemistry I MAT 211 Calculus I CS 232 CS II Cell BIO Chemistry II MAT 253 Discrete Math CS-308 Database Genetics Organic Chemistry Bioinformatics Bioinformatics Minor Tracks

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