1 / 25

Intro to Weimar, and Hitler and the NAZI’s

Intro to Weimar, and Hitler and the NAZI’s. Revolution of 1918. November 9 th : –Kaiser abdicates and flees to Holland – new temporary civilian government under the leader of Social Democrats (SD) Friedrich Ebert whose party had the most votes in recent elections (the Republic is declared)

uri
Download Presentation

Intro to Weimar, and Hitler and the NAZI’s

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Intro to Weimar, and Hitler and the NAZI’s

  2. Revolution of 1918 • November 9th : –Kaiser abdicates and flees to Holland – new temporary civilian government under the leader of Social Democrats (SD) Friedrich Ebert whose party had the most votes in recent elections (the Republic is declared) • November 10th: Deal struck between new government and army (for support) • November 11th – representatives of new government meet with Allies and agree to armistice at 11/11 11AM Kaiser Wilhelm II in Exile Ebert

  3. Support for the Revolution ….And some Germans (like Prince Max who convinced the Kaiser to abdicate) feared a civil war would break out if things didn’t change ….And Wilson refused to offer peace without a “democratic” government in Germany

  4. Structure of Government Government under Kaiser Weimar Government 1919 - 34 Kaiser Wilhelm II President Hindenburg

  5. A closer look

  6. Elections January 1919 …Yeah in the midst of all this! *remaining 10% or so was divided among 4 small regional parties*

  7. German Political Parties Right-wing Left-wing

  8. First act of new government? Signing the Treaty of Versailles Note: Germany is divided into two parts by the ‘Polish Corridor’

  9. Result: • The Army (General Ludendorff) accuses the new government of “a stab in the back” (betraying the army while it was fighting the war – not defeated) • Representatives of the new government branded as the November Criminals by the Nationalists and later the NAZIs for signing the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles.

  10. Four Putsches • “Red Bavaria”: • Leninists take over in Bavaria • Late 1918 to early 1919 • Spartacist Revolt • January 1919 • Leninists fail to take over in Berlin after defeat by the Freikorps • Kapp Putsch • March 1920 • Berlin nearly falls to rightists • Freikorps led by Dr. Wolfgang Kapp • Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch • November 1923

  11. Young Hitler • Modest origins • Father - minor customs official • Born in German-Austrian border town of Braunau, Austria in 1889 • Dropped out of school at 16 in 1905 • Dreams of art or architecture • In 1907 moves to Vienna • Failed to gain admission to Vienna Fine Arts or Vienna School of Architecture • Mom dies

  12. Hitler’s Painting: ‘Village Scene’

  13. Was Hitler Jewish? • It is possible though unproven • Hitler’s paternal grandfather is unknown • Hitler’s dad’s mom was named Schicklgruber & Hitler’s dad was born illegitimate • She later married a man named Hiedler who formally adopted Hitler’s dad & gave him the name Hitler

  14. Hitler up to WWI • Aimless in Austria • From 16 to 23 years of age • Lived on small inheritance & orphan’s pension • Sold tourist postcards to make ends meet • Picked up anti-Semitic views living on the street & in flophouses / hostels • 1913 - moved to Munich, Bavaria, Germany

  15. Hitler & World War I • Caught up in war fervor when Germany declares war (photo) • Enlisted as soldier in WWI • Dispatch runner at the front • Wounded twice, decorated five times including Iron Cross (HIH video) • War ended 1918 • Hitler in hospital temporarily blind from poison gas • Believes German republic stabbed Germans in the back for seeking peace

  16. Hitler & The Nazis • Unemployed after war • Took job spying on political parties for the army • Joined one of them instead: German Workers’ Party • Became National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) • Became exceptional speaker • Practice and determination Hofbrauhaus where Hitler gave many Speeches to his followers

  17. Beer Hall Putsch ‘Pooch’ • 1921 Hitler became leader of Nazi Party • Called ‘Der Fuhrer’ • 1923 Hitler plans coup in Munich • To be followed by March on Berlin • Remind you of anything? Mussolini’s March on Rome (a year earlier) What the king conquered, The prince shaped, The field marshall defended, Was rescued & united by the soldier.

  18. Storm Troopers -- SA • ‘Strong-arm’ squads • Hitler’s paramilitary force • Many unemployed & ex-WWI vets (Freikorps) • Sturm Abteilung • “Storm troopers” • AKA “brown shirts” (not to be confused with Mussolini’s “Blackshirts”!) Stormtroopers

  19. Schutzstaffel SS • Led by Himmler • Began as Hitler’s bodyguard • Slowly grew to huge operation after he comes to power • Concentration camps • Dirty work

  20. Leader of Bavaria von Kahr called meeting to debate Stresemann’s new policies • Buergerbrau beer hall • Hitler & SA interrupted, fired a shot into ceiling, & declared ‘The national revolution has broken out’. • Hitler declared takeover of local government, followed by a march on Berlin • Ludendorff arrived on Hitler’s side • 9th Nov 1923 – Hitler and 3000 supporters were confronted by 100 armed policemen • 16 Nazis were killed, Hitler was wounded • The whole putsch (revolt) collapsed Beer Hall Putsch ‘Pooch’

  21. Why did the Nazi Putsch Fail ? • Tactical errors • Hitler left to resolve another crisis • Ludendorff allowed leaders to go home • Hitler had expected support from other right-wing groups, including the Bavarian government of von Kahr • The Nazis had little public exposure – few outside Munich had ever heard of them

  22. Trial& Prison Term • Hitler & Ludendorff arrested & jailed • Ludendorff acquitted • Hitler found guilty of treason • However, Hitler obtained sympathy & fame • Sentenced to 5 years, served 9 months • Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler and supporters in Landsberg prison, 1924

  23. Hitler’s Plan for the Third Reich • ‘Mein Kampf’ = ‘My Struggle’ • Extreme nationalism • Unite all German-speaking people in an Empire, The Third Reich including: • Dutch, Scandinavians, English, half of Belgiums • Germans in Austria, Poland, Sudetenland • Expand territory, Lebensraum, into Ukraine & lands between • Enforce racial “purification” • Most loathsome: Jews • Master race prevails • Anti-Democracy Hitler Comes to Power.mov

More Related