Bellringer: Have a seat and relax

1. Monday, 26 MarchObjective: To review the Unit V, Section 1 Quiz, and prep for the Great Depression. • Bellringer: • Have a seat and relax • Agenda: • Bellringer • Quiz make-ups? • Video: • The Story of Us: Bust • Notes: • Read pgs. 190-196, to “Franklin Delano Roosevelt”

2. Monday, 26 MarchObjective: To review the Unit V, Section 1 Quiz, and begin for the Great Depression. • Bellringer: • Take a sheet of notes from the back table • Have a seat and relax • Agenda: • Bellringer • Quiz make-ups? • Complete Video: • The Story of Us: Bust • Notes:

3. Unit V, Section 1 The Great Depression

4. Causes of the Great Depression • Stock Market Crash of 1929 triggered the Great Depression • Market inflated with speculation by people who bought on margin • Overproduction and underconsumption- manufacturers made more than they could sell, which deflated the cost of goods • Demonstrated in farming • Caused an increase in unemployment • Unequal distribution of Income • 1% of the population owned 59% of the nation’s wealth • The nation was dependent on the wealthy to spend • Excessive Buying on Credit • Encouraged people to spend beyond their ability to pay • As economy slowed, people became unable to repay • Bought less consumer goods • Additionally • Weak corporate structure, weak banks, weak gov’t policy, and weak int’l economy

5. Wednesday, 28 MarchObjective: To draw conclusions about American culture about during the depression • Bellringer: • Take pink packet and a scrap piece of paper from the back table from the back table • Have your book and the blue sheet with poetry and song lyrics out • On the scrap piece of paper, list four causes of the Great Depression • Agenda: • Bellringer • Cover Notes • Video/Song group work • Notes: • Read the rest of Unit V, Section 2 • Pgs. 196-206

6. President Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression • He was a “Rugged Individualist,” believing that the people would fix the problems themselves voluntarily, rather than through the gov’t • Made some gov’t programs to benefit businesses • Believed business success would trickle down to workers and consumers • Business success= ↑ employment= renewed consumption= economic recovery • Created public works jobs to ↑ employment and stimulate the economy • Failures • Refused to directly relieve the nation’s damage • Bonus Army • Hoover refused to pay an early bonus to WWI veterans • The protesting veterans, know as the Bonus Army, refused to leave their D.C. camps • Hoover had the US Army forcefully remove them from their camps • Right or wrong, Hoover’s reputation was ruined

7. Human Impact of the Great Depression • Unemployment reached 25% (it’s 8.3% as of January, 2012) • People became dependent on soup kitchens and the Red Cross for assistance • The urban homeless built shanty towns called “Hoovervilles” • Houses made of cardboard, tin and crates • Slept under newspapers, called “Hoover Blankets” • Farms went bankrupt as food sales dropped • The Dust Bowl affected farmers of TX, OK, KS, CO, & NM • Combination of extreme drought, extreme storms, and poor farming techniques created the geographical, ecological, and human disaster • Many affected farmers had to migrate west, often to California • These migrants were called “Okies” • Represented in John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath • Culture- Changed, as people sought cheap and/or escapist activities • Games, movies, radio, music • Literature- Dos Pasos, Steinbeck, Faulkner, and Hughes portrayed different parts of Depression Era life Video

8. Thursday, 29 MarchObjective: To identify America’s general mood during the Great Depression, and to introduce FDR as an Agent of Change • Bellringer: • Have the lyrics to “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?” out. • I have extras • Have your book • Discuss and Notate on the lyrics • Who is the speaker? • What jobs has he had? • Where does he find himself now? • What are his views of the United States? • Agenda: • Bellringer • Discussion on “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?” • Introduction to FDR • Notes: • Today is the last day of the quarter.

9. Think of who the artist is representing, not the artist • Who is the speaker? • What jobs has he had? • Where does he find himself now? • What are his views of the United States? Song Analysis Guidemark the lyrics with your analysis

10. Why would political scientists refer to 1932 as a Change Year? What did the people demand in the election?

11. A significant cause of the Great Depression of the 1930’s was that • some banking policies were unsound and had led to the overexpansion of credit • a decrease in protective tariffs had opened American business to competition from abroad • a wave of violent strikes had paralyzed the major industries • consumer goods were relatively inexpensive

12. The Dust Bowl experiences of the Oklahoma farmers during the Great Depression demonstrated the • effect of geography on people’s lives • success of government farm subsidies • limitation of civil liberties during times of crisis • result of the Indian Removal Act

13. What were two basic causes of the Dust Bowl during the early 1930s? • strip mining and toxic waste dumping • overfarmingand severe drought • clear-cutting of forests and construction of railroads • overpopulation and urban sprawl

14. President Herbert Hoover’s response to the Great Depression was often criticized because it • wasted money on new social programs • caused widespread rioting and looting in major cities • raised taxes on businesses and the wealthy • failed to provide direct relief for the neediest persons

15. Friday, 30 MarchObjective: To differentiate between relief, recover, and reform New Deal Programs. • Bellringer (15 minutes) • Take a piece of scrap paper from the back table • Have your book and pink packet out • In the pink packet (pg. 11), identify AAA, CCC, FDIC, NIRA, PWA, SEC, SSA, TVA, NLRB, WPA • Use your book, pg. 199 • Agenda: • Bellringer • Relief, Recovery, and Reform • Which “R” is it? • Phil Davison • Notes: • Have a nice weekend

16. One difference between the administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that Roosevelt was • unwilling to allow government agencies to establish jobs programs • unable to win congressional support for his economic program • able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term in office • more willing to use government intervention to solve economic problems

17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt- The Man • Tapped into America’s desire for gov’t intervention • Communicated to the public like never before • Used nation-wide radio broadcasts • “fireside chats”- radio addresses that spoke directly to the public, and “sold” his proposals The new Deal- The Plan • Had three main goals for his programs: • Relieffor those suffering • Recovery of the economy, in order to return to growth • Reform of programs, in order to avoid future depressions

18. Relief- aiding those hurting now • Public Works Administration (PWA)- Large scale building projects • Ex.- ports, schools, aircraft carriers, etc. • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- Hired young men to conserve natural resources • Works Progress Administration (WPA)- Provided jobs to 25% of adult Americans • Built roads, bridges, airports, public buildings, etc. • *Also hired writers, artists, musicians, scholars, and actors

20. Recovery- aiding the larger economy • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA/NRA) • Regulated prices, wages, and working conditions • Later deemed unconstitutional • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) • Paid farmers not to grow food, so agricultural prices↑ • Deemed unconstitutional, reworked, and revived

21. Reform- preventing future depressions • Glass-Steagall Act- Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • Separated investment & commercial banks • Insured individual bank deposits • So citizens would trust banks again • Securities exchange Act- Created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Regulated the stock markets and investment advisors • Social Securities Act- Combo of public assistance and insurance • Provided income for the retired • Provided unemployment insurance • Assisted dependent children, the elderly, and the handicapped • *Wagner Act- Guaranteed labor the right to unionize and to collectively bargain • Collective bargaining- negotiating contracts, as a union, with management • Roosevelt saw unions as the balance to Big Business’s power

22. Monday, 2 AprilObjective: To identify how the New Deal aimed to resolve the numerous problems of the Great Depression • Bellringer: • Have your book • Have your pink packet out • Agenda: • Jigsaw activity • Notes: • Unit V, Section 2 Quiz on Thursday

23. Tuesday, 3 AprilObjective: To analyze the criticisms of the New Deal • Bellringer: • Take a note packet from the back table • Have your book and pink packet • On page 24 of the pink packet, answer questions one through five • Agenda: • Bellringer • Yesterday’s activity • New Deal criticisms • Notes: • The Great Depression Quiz is on Thursday

24. 1936 Election • After four years in office, FDR gained the support of many, including republicans • The South, immigrants, cities, African Americans (rep.) ,labor, the elderly, and farmers (rep.) • With such solid support, FDR received a mandate, or clear endorsement of the people • He had a free hand to lead the nation

26. Controversies • With the Supreme Court • NIRA- deemed unconstitutional because the Congress was regulating intrastate trade • AAA- deemed unconstitutional because agriculture is local, not an interstate matter • Tennessee Valley Authority- infrastructure project aimed at providing jobs, cheap electricity, and flood control in seven states • Seen as an experiment in gov’t intervention to meet regional needs • Seen by some as “social engineering” or “socialism”

27. FDR’s “Court Packing” • Many new deal programs were being vetoed by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional • Good example of checks and balances • FDR wanted to add six justices (915) to gain support for his programs • Known as the Judicial Reorganization Bill • The “Court Packing” plan failed because it threatened the Separation of Powers • But FDR did appoint seven justices over his presidency

29. Historical Evaluation of the New Deal • The New Deal helped people cope with the effects of the Great Depression, and prevented economic and social disaster • Restored confidence in and expanded gov’t power • US gov’t played a larger role in economic and social life • Reformed the free-enterprise system • But the us did not come out of the Great Depression until the start of WWII

30. Wednesday, 4 AprilObjective to study for tomorrow’s Great Depression Quiz • Bellringer: • Have your book, pink packet, notes, and any other materials out to review • Agenda: • Bellringer • Partner pairing • Notes • Great Depression Quiz is tomorrow

31. Be prepared to respond to the following: • Name and describe three causes of the Great Depression. • List and describe the function of the “Three R’s” of the New Deal. • Name and describe the function of three New Deal Programs. • Describe two human impacts that the Great Depression had on Americans.