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CANADA – Early Child Development and Parenting Centres

CANADA – Early Child Development and Parenting Centres . DECS Corporate Executive Team/District Directors . Adelaide, South Australia. By J. Fraser Mustard Founding President, CIAR Adelaide Thinker in Residence. November 14, 2006.

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CANADA – Early Child Development and Parenting Centres

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  1. CANADA – Early Child Development and Parenting Centres DECS Corporate Executive Team/District Directors Adelaide, South Australia By J. Fraser Mustard Founding President, CIAR Adelaide Thinker in Residence November 14, 2006

  2. Experience-Based Brain Development in the early years of life sets neurological and biological pathways that affect throughout life: 03-080 Health Learning Behaviour

  3. 03-131 NEUROSCIENCE

  4. 04-039 Two Neurons RECIPIENT NEURON Axon Synapse SIGNAL-SENDING NEURON Dendrite

  5. 04-212 Sound Vision Smell Touch Proprioception Taste Neal Halfon

  6. 04-042 SENSING PATHWAYS

  7. Synaptic Density 03-012 At Birth 6 Years Old 14 Years Old Rethinking the Brain, Families and Work Institute, Rima Shore, 1997.

  8. Human Brain Development – Synapse Formation 01-003 Language Sensing Pathways Higher (vision, hearing) Cognitive Function 9 -3 3 1 0 6 4 8 12 16 -6 Months Years Conception AGE C. Nelson, in From Neurons to Neighborhoods, 2000.

  9. 03-002 Emotional Stimulus Amygdala Hippocampus - + - + Hypothalamus PVN Cortisol Cortisol CRF PIT ACTH Adrenal Cortex LeDoux, Synaptic Self

  10. 05-212 Limbic HPA Pathway - Stress Cortisol – Over Production Behaviour, depression, diabetes, malnutrition, cardiovascular disease, memory, immune system, drug and alcohol addiction Cortisol – Under Production Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, immune system (autoimmune disorders) rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, asthma

  11. The Myth of the Bell Curve Genetics Nature versus nurture Genotype Phenotype - Epigenetics

  12. 04-144 Epigenetics and Brain Plasticity Experience and methylation of DNA Imprints environmental experiences on the fixed genome Maternal behaviour affects DNA methylation Can be transmitted to offspring

  13. 06-105 Epigenetics According to Dr. Szyf, epigenetic modifications in response to maternal care occur early after birth – critical period. The effects are stable and persist into adulthood. The Economist, p. 89, Sept 23, 2006

  14. Serotonin Transporter Gene Experience in Early Life - Depression Age 26 03-089 Depression Risk .70 SS S = Short Allele L = Long Allele .50 SL LL .30 No Abuse Moderate Abuse Severe Abuse Early Childhood A. Caspi, Science, 18 July 2003, Vol 301.

  15. 06-127 Summary of Brain Development Environment gene interaction Critical and sensitive periods in utero, infancy, and young children

  16. Health Myths

  17. 01-010 "Follow up through life of successive samples of birth has pointed to the crucial influence of early life on subsequent mental and physical health and development." Acheson, Donald - Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health ,1998

  18. Myths Behaviour

  19. 06-085 Early Development and Behaviour Antisocial Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Depression

  20. 01-012 Early Learning and Criminal Behaviour Significant correlation with registered criminality (teenage) appeared for language development at 6, 18, and 24 months Journal of Abnormal Stattin, H. et al - Psychology 102; 369, 1993

  21. Behaviour 02-011 “The aftermath … [of poor early child development] can appear as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or post- traumatic stress – or as aggression, impulsiveness, delinquency, hyper- activity or substance abuse.” Martin Teicher Scientific American, 2002

  22. Language & Literacy Myths

  23. 04-200 Early Child Development and Language Starts early – first 12 months Sets capability for mastering multiple languages Sets literacy and language trajectory

  24. 06-106 Level 3 Considered minimum for coping with the demands of every day life and work in a complex advanced society. OECD, 2000

  25. Document Literacy 02-061 1994 – 1998, Ages 16 to 65 Level 1 and 2 Level 4 and 5 Sweden 23% 34.0% Canada 42% 23.0% Australia 43% 17.0% United States 48% 18.0% Chile 85% 3.0% Mexico 84% 1.7% OECD

  26. 06-114 Socioeconomic Gradients for Document Literacy Scores Mean Scores 350 310 Intern’l Mean U.S. 270 Canada Australia 230 Sweden Finland 190 0 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Parents’ Education (years) OECD, 2000

  27. 360 Sociocultural 00-042 Gradients for Cuba Language 320 Scores By Country Argentina Chile 280 Brazil Language Score Colombia Mexico 240 200 8 16 1 4 12 Parents' Education (Years)

  28. 04-153 Abecedarian Study – Reading Effect Size Primary Grades Preschool Preschool & Primary Grades 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 Age 8 Age 12 Age 15 Age 21 Age at Testing

  29. 05-165 Trends in Percentages of Reading Performance Levels at Age 17 (1971-2004) Level 250 + Level 300 + Level 350 % NAEP 2004 Trends in Academic Progress

  30. 06-001 Success by Ten Early Child Development Intervene early Intervene often Intervene effectively Ludwig and Sawhill, Brookings Institution

  31. ONTARIO What we envision will be a first "tier" program for early child development, as important as the elementary and secondary school system and the post-secondary education system. The system should consist of community-based centres operating at the local level within a provincial framework. 99-103 Reversing the Real Brain Drain: Early Years Study Government of Ontario

  32. ECD and Experience-Based Brain Development 99-004 parent-oriented child-oriented 1 2 3 4 5 6 age - 0 Components of Early Childhood Development and Parenting Centres: Universal – available, accessible, affordable and optional Parental and non-parental care Parent- and child-oriented Quality early child development environments Responsive relationships and parent involvement

  33. CANADA ECD Programs Should be [First Ministers, September 11, 2000] 00-098 Intersectoral Integrated Supportive of the child within family and community Include children of different abilities Children in different SES, cultural, and linguistic circumstances

  34. CANADA - 2000 Recommendations 00-134 a. Matching government grants for resource mobilization from all sectors of community - private, public, foundations (including parental fees) b. Tax credit for private sector initiatives to create ECD and parenting centres for employees and community c. Tax credit for pensioners to work in ECD centres

  35. CANADA – 2000 Recommendations 00-135 d. Extend parental leave & benefits to 1 year for all new parents e. Child tax credit f. Affordable to ALL families

  36. CANADA - 2000 Recommendations 00-136 To mobilize communities and build capacity, government funding must be incremental, predictable and sustained over the long term.

  37. CANADA $5 Billion additional for Early Child Development – Year 2000 Another $2 Billion in 2002

  38. 06-128 QUAD versus Day Care Quality Universal Accessible Developmental Government of Canada, 2002

  39. Canada – New Government Harper cancelled funding - 2006. Mothers better than day care

  40. 03-116 OUTCOME MEASURES

  41. Early Development Instrument (EDI) 03-085 Physical health and well-being Social knowledge and competence Emotional health/maturity Language and cognitive development Communication skills and general knowledge

  42. 02-065 Percentage of Children in Kindergarten Scoring in Bottom 10% by District - Vancouver 34.5% 15% 27.5% 8.5% 21.5% EDI, February 2000

  43. 06-030 EDI Results – Vancouver Districts District Income EDI Results $ % scoring inbottom 10% 1 12,000-24,000 34.5 2 24,000-37,000 27.5 3 37,000-49,000 21.5 4 49,000-62,000 15.0 5 62,000-74,000 8.5

  44. 05-113 Vancouver Grade 4 and Grade 7 Tests Proportion of children failing to meet Grade 4 and Grade 7 test standards correlates strongly with proportion of children vulnerable on the EDI index at time of school entry.

  45. 04-053 Measuring Readiness for School Learning Percentage of students who scored in the lowest 10th percentile in 2 or more domains Over 25% Representation of data from “Toronto Report Card on Children”, Vol 5, Update 2003

  46. 04-055 Measuring Readiness for School Learning Percentage of students who scored in the lowest 10th percentile in 2 or more domains Fewer than 10% Representation of data from “Toronto Report Card on Children”, Vol 5, Update 2003

  47. 04-069 Grade 6 EQAO Assessment of Reading (01-02) Proportion of students who achieved level 3 or 4 Over 70% Representation of data from “Toronto Report Card on Children”, Vol 5, Update 2003

  48. 04-067 Grade 6 EQAO Assessment of Reading (01-02) Proportion of students who achieved level 3 or 4 Fewer than 40% Representation of data from “Toronto Report Card on Children”, Vol 5, Update 2003

  49. 06-122 AEDI - SA District % Vulnerable on One or More Domains Cooper Pedy 29.4 Leigh Creek 42.1 Port Augusta 43.1 Roxby Downs 15.6 Whyalla 27.4 AEDI S.Australia

  50. Toronto First Duty Establishing ECD-P Centres in five primary schools. Participants Toronto School Board Municipal Government Toronto Public Health Atkinson Foundation United Auto Workers Founders’ Network

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