Procedures for Exporting Cattle from Chihuahua, Mexico to the United States of America.

1. Procedures for Exporting Cattle from Chihuahua, Mexico to the United States of America.

2. Introduction • One million head of cattle per year enter the United States from Mexico through 10 ports of entry. • The majority of cattle coming into the United States through these ports originate in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. • Cattle producers in northern Mexico are export-oriented. • Cattle production and exporting are very important economic activities in the state of Chihuahua. • Cattle export activity is determined by rainfall levels. • Procedures for exporting cattle recently changed in response to increased animal health concerns.

3. Chihuahua state is a model for animal movement control that the United States may need to copy. • Cattle traceability in the US is coming • Ear tagging and record-keeping process in Chihuahua state is very complex • This model is based on two main points: • Green ear tag • Inspection check points

4. Objectives of Paper • Dispel misinformation about Mexican cattle imports • To explain the general regulatory climate under which Mexican cattle are exported. • Chihuahua state procedures offer a model for the US

5. Bovine Tuberculosis Situation in Mexico • Since 1972, Chihuahua has been promoting different tuberculosis eradication campaigns. • Is considered the primary goal of the bi-national cattle disease control and eradication efforts. • In 1992, The Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Eradication Subcommittee was founded. • In 1993, a bi-national US-Mexico group was founded

6. Continue… • The cattle transport rules are a critical component of Mexico’s efforts to eradicate bovine tuberculosis. • In recent years Chihuahua has implemented a unique identification system for cattle consisting of a green ear tag. • Cattle traceability has been significantly improved as a result of the system. • The green ear tag is put on the animal by the original owner. • Remains in the animal whether: • Moved by the same owner • Sold • Traded to a second owner

7. Chihuahua State Regionalization Tuberculosis’ incidence more than 0.05%

8. Check Points • 21 Check points • 15 Roving inspection stations

9. Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Test Certificate of Herd of Origin Cattle Movement Permit Exportation to United States Certificate of Ovariectomy “Spaying” Zoosanitary Certificate

10. Conclusion • Rules and procedures to export cattle are more strict day by day, and Mexican government & producers need to be aware of these changes in order to continue exporting cattle to the US. • Rules and procedures to export cattle from Mexico to US are strict and taken seriously by government agencies and cattle producers’ organizations • Because in Chihuahua state the income coming from cattle exports is crucial, improvements are taking place, especially in terms of animal health and cattle traceability.

11. Results of a Survey of Cattle Exporters in Chihuahua, Mexico.

12. Objectives • Develop better information about the population of cattle exporters in Chihuahua, Mexico. • Provide an overview of how Mexican cattle exporters perceive US-Mexico cattle trade.

13. Introduction • Chihuahua has 24,708,700 hectares which are primarily used by the livestock industry. • Almost 90% of the total territory in Chihuahua state is used for livestock. • The cattle industry in Chihuahua state depends on rangeland grass production, which is limited by rainfall. • The export cycle or season begins in September ending in August of the following year. • Hereford • Angus • Limousine • Charolais

14. The Sample • Chihuahua state is the most important cattle exporting state in Mexico. • A list of exporters was provided by the Chihuahua Cattlemen’s Organization. • 503 members • 143 surveys completed • The number of counties included in this survey was 30 from 67

15. Ahumada 1 Aldama 2 Allende 2 Bachiniva 3 Balleza 4 Buenaventura 1 Camargo 22 Coronado 4 Coyame 2 Cuauhtemoc 6 Cusihuiriachi 6 Chihuahua 4 Guachochi 1 Guerrero 14 H. del Parral 3 Jimenez 4 Julimes 2 Madera 6 Matachi 2 Matamoros 2 Namiquipa 12 Nonoava 3 Riva Palacio 2 San Bernardo, Dgo 1 San Francisco de Borja 12 San Francisco de Conchos 2 Santa Barbara 3 Satevo 9 Temosachi 5

16. Cattle producers’ ages and years exporting to the US

17. Results • Typical exported calf weight: • 161-180 kilograms. • Number of cattle exported annually: • Mean = 549 •  50 • 1,501-3,000 • Reason for exporting cattle to US: • Better prices • Difficult to sell the whole lot at one time in Mexico

18. 100 95 90 90 80 68 67 65 70 56 60 Frequencies 50 37 40 30 24 22 21 20 20 20 10 0 July April May June March August January October February November December September Month Exporters’ Preferred Months for Exporting

19. Percentage of producers indicating their preferred port of entry to the United States Ojinaga, 32.87% Santa Teresa, 58.04% Palomas, 9.09% Survey for Cattle Exporters from Chihuahua, Mexico To the United States of America

20. Results • Reasons for using a specific port of entry: • The location of a port-of-entry. • Better facilities. • Reasons for involvement in the livestock industry: • Tradition • Attitudes toward NAFTA: • Negative impact on Mexican livestock industry, 41% • Positive impact on Mexican livestock industry, 32%

21. Results • Problems experienced in the cattle export process: • Many sanitary requirements. • Participation in government subsidy programs for the livestock industry: • 79% of the producers have participated. • 55% never experienced difficulties in getting these subsidies • Evaluation of their cattle: • 79% give a score between 8-10

22. Domestic Market: Dependent on imports: Mexico is not able to be self sufficient in beef production. Mexican market for beef and cattle: Differentiated by quality Export cattle market: More requirements for export due to: Animal health Sanitary concerns Export market will be more specialized: Types of cattle demanded by U. S. importers Perception of the Future of Domestic and Export Cattle Markets

23. Artificial Insemination 20% Embryo transfer 3.09% Pregnancy detection and fertility testing 50% Big producers generally sell breeding animals Supplemental feed to their breeding animals Precondition their calves prior to market 77% Modern Cattle Management Practices

24. 20 18 16 14 12 Percentage 10 8 6 4 2 0 IOWA TEXAS KANSAS ARIZONA OKLAHOMA NEBRASKA COLORADO NEW MEXICO SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA NORTH CAROLINA State Results • Breeding animal acquisition and genetic quality: • Cattle from US, 35% of the respondents.

25. Grazing Resources a= <100 hectares, b= 100-500 hectares, c= 500-1,000 hectares, d= 1,000-2,000 hectares, e= 2,000-5,000 hectares, f= >5,000

26. Conclusions • The traditional market for Chihuahua cattle producers has been steer and heifer calf exports to the U.S. • The producer/ exporters’ perceptions of the cattle export market gives an idea of how producers manage to survive in this dynamic market. • For many Mexican cattle producers, particularly those in Chihuahua state, exporting feeder calves to the United States is part of their identity. • Producers perceive the future of Mexican cattle exports to the U.S. will involve more animal health or sanitary regulations established by the U.S.

27. Thank You for Your Attention

28. Questions?

29. Procedures for Exporting Cattle from Chihuahua, Mexico to the United States of America • Results of a Survey of Cattle Exporters in Chihuahua, Mexico Presented by: Cristina Carmona November, 12 at 10:00 a.m. Room, 375