1 / 116

Fundamentals of Networking

Fundamentals of Networking. Discovery 1, Chapter 3 Connecting to the Network. Objectives. Explain the concept of networking and the benefits of networks. Explain the concept of communication protocols. Explain how communication occurs across a local Ethernet network.

ulric-delaney
Download Presentation

Fundamentals of Networking

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 3 Connecting to the Network

  2. Objectives • Explain the concept of networking and the benefits of networks. • Explain the concept of communication protocols. • Explain how communication occurs across a local Ethernet network. • Describe Access Layer devices and communication methods on a local Ethernet network. • Describe Distribution Layer devices and communication methods across networks.

  3. What’s a Network? • Make a phone call, watching TV, radio, Internet, Gaming • All depend on a reliable network • Group of connected devices able to communicate with each other

  4. Communication Now • OLD: • Separate, dedicated networks for voice, data, vide • NOW: • Converged into one over a single channel • Can you name examples?

  5. Networks

  6. Basic Network Components • 4 categories of components • Hosts • Shared peripherals • Networking devices • Networking media

  7. Hosts • They send & receive data • Have an IP Address

  8. Shared Peripherals • Shared devices ARE connected to a host • Rely on their connected hosts to share • Software allows the sharing • Print sharing with a USB connected printer

  9. Networking devices • Connect hosts & other devices • Hubs, switches, routers • Move & control network traffic

  10. Networking media • Connects Devices • Can be wired or wireless

  11. Activity

  12. Handout • Complete Handout 1

  13. Computer Roles in a Network • Host sends & receives data on a network • Computer is a host • Can act as a client and/or a server • Server • Provide info to other hosts on a network • Simultaneously • Email, web pages, file access • Separate server software for each • Client • Requests & displays info from the server • Can check email & view web at same time • Web browser/IE, Outlook

  14. Activity

  15. Client-Server • Hosts have an IP Address • Hosts can act as a client or server • Depends on software installed • Server provides services to other hosts • Like providing email or web services • Clients request & display info from servers

  16. Popular Client-Server Network • World of Warcraft • Players from all over the world connect & play

  17. Peer-to-Peer Networks • One computer can sometimes act as the server & the client • Simplest: 2 connected devices • Uses a crossover cable or wireless • Multiple PC’s connect with a hub • Disadvantage • Host can slow down if doing both • Not for large networks • Dedicated servers to handle requests

  18. Peer-to-Peer Networks

  19. Famous Peer-to-Peer • LimeWire • Exchanging MP3’s with another user • Only connected with that ONE user

  20. Client, Server, or Both

  21. Lab 3.1.5 • Building a Peer-to-Peer Network

  22. Physical Topology • Layout/Map of network • Shows where each host is located, wiring, network devices

  23. Logical Topology • Groups hosts by how they use the network • Not physical location • Host names, addresses, group info & applications can be recorded

  24. Review • What does SOHO stand for? • Small office home office • What interconnects hosts & controls traffic? • Network devices • Which cable connects 2 PC’s together? • Crossover cable • Hosts are devices that have what? • IP Addresses • Describe client-server.

  25. Principles of Communication • The Message • Source or Sender • Destination or Receiver • Channel or Pathway • Protocol or Rules

  26. Rules of Human Communication • What are some of our rules of communication? • What if there were no rules?

  27. Protocols • Rules of Communication over a medium • May be different depending on the medium • Protocols define the details of how the message is transmitted and delivered • This includes issues of:

  28. Message Encoding • Encoding • Converting thoughts into words • Bits are encoded for that medium • Light, electricity, or radio waves • Destination will decode the message

  29. Message Format for Delivery

  30. Encapsulation of Data • Computer messages packed in a FRAME • Acts like an envelope • Provides the addresses • Must be properly addresses or won’t be delivered

  31. Handout • Complete Handout 2 & 3 • Message Format Ordering

  32. Review • What 4 things do you need for communication? • Source, destination, channel, protocol • Describe encoding. • Bits into electricity, light, or radio waves • A message is encapsulated in what? • Frame • Which 2 address are in the frame? • Source & destination MAC address

  33. What We Talked About So Far

  34. Message Size • You talk in sentences. • Length will vary depending on what can be processed or understood by the listener • Messages sent across networks are broken into smaller pieces • Size of a frame

  35. Message Timing • People use timing to determine when to speak, how fast or slow to talk, and how long to wait for a response. These are the rules of engagement. • Access Method • Flow Control • Response Timeout

  36. Message Timing • Access Method • When to begin sending & how to respond to errors • Collision if two talk at same time • Flow Control • Sender can transmit messages faster than the destination can receive & process • Use flow control to negotiate correct timing for successful communication • Response Timeout • How long to wait for responses & what to do

  37. Unicast Message Pattern • Unicast • 1 to 1 single message

  38. Multicast Message Pattern • Multicast • 1 to a group message

  39. Broadcast Message Pattern • Broadcast • 1 to all

  40. Activity

  41. Review • What is it called when one message format is placed in another message format? • Encapsulation • Bob is talking to Sally. Which type of message pattern is this? • Unicast • Which address is used in a frame? • MAC address (source & destination)

  42. Review • Which message is one to all? • Broadcast

  43. Importance of Protocols • Computers need rules to communicate • Local network devices MUST speak same language • Most common wired protocol is ETHERNET

  44. Early Days of Computing • Each vendor had their own rules • Standards had to be created

  45. Standardizing • IEEE maintains standards approvals • Assigned a # • 802.3 is Ethernet • 100Base-T • 100 megabit Ethernet • Baseband Transmission • Twisted Pair Cabling

  46. Physical Addressing • Remember encapsulating frames? • Source & destination address needed • Each host on Ethernet has a physical address (MAC Address) • Burned into NIC • NIC encapsulates source & dest. MAC • Host that receives frame reads dest. MAC • If it contains its own MAC, it will process it • If not, it ignores it

  47. Example

  48. Lab 3.3.3 • Determine the Mac Address • Ipconfig /all

  49. Ethernet Frame Structure • Frames are also called PDU’s • Protocol Data Units • 64-1518 bytes each frame • Preamble for timing • SFD is end of timing, begin frame • FCS- helps check for damaged frames

  50. Activity

More Related