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6.2 Review Activity

6.2 Review Activity. Government in Europe. Absolute Monarchies Absolute: 100%, unquestionable Monarchy: a government with a King/Queen, inherited power Divine Right theory Ruled over every aspect of society. Louis XIV: F rance. Ivan IV: Russia. George III: England. Social Contract.

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6.2 Review Activity

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  1. 6.2 Review Activity

  2. Government in Europe • Absolute Monarchies • Absolute: 100%, unquestionable • Monarchy: a government with a King/Queen, inherited power • Divine Right theory • Ruled over every aspect of society Louis XIV: France Ivan IV: Russia George III: England

  3. Social Contract Thomas Hobbes John Locke Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1690) Believed that men were born with reason & could learn from experience Life, liberty & property were natural rights Need government to protect rights Man can change government if it fails VS • Wrote Leviathan (1651) • Believed that man was naturally evil, wicked & selfish • People needed a strong authoritarian government to take control, keep order • Favored Absolute Monarchy

  4. Voltaire Writer who attacked society using satire. Targeted the Church, aristocracy & monarchies Pushed for tolerance Freedom of religion & speech Fought against prejudice, intolerance & superstition Baron de Montesquieu Studied law Believed in the separation of a government’s powers 3 Branches each with its own authority Executive: carry out laws Legislative: create laws Judicial: judge the laws System of checks & balances between each branch Limit the government’s power

  5. Jean Jacques Rousseau Father of modern philosophy Disagreed with many Enlightenment thinkers Believed society corrupted man, stronger people dominated weaker people destroying true freedom Believed in a direct democracy created by the people Believed that all people were equal Wrote The Social Contract (1762) CesareBeccaria Wrote On Crimes and Punishments (1764) Wanted to reform the legal system Abolish torture Allow for fair treatment of the accused Speedy trial Degree of punishment should match the crime Abolish capital punishment

  6. Mary Wollstonecraft Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Focused on gaining more rights for women Women needed to be educated Women needed to be able to get a divorce Women should rights to children and to property Most Enlightenment thinkers did not support women’s rights

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