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DNA Decoded

By Erin J. Cramer. DNA Decoded. What is it?. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid Organic Compound called Nucleotide Location In nucleus (Nuclear DNA). Functions of DNA . Genes that send information throughout your body Long term storage for information

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DNA Decoded

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  1. By Erin J. Cramer DNA Decoded

  2. What is it? • DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Organic Compound called Nucleotide • Location • In nucleus (Nuclear DNA)

  3. Functions of DNA • Genes that send information throughout your body • Long term storage for information • Builds cells to do task so that your body may function & have it own characteristics

  4. What DNA is made of? • 2 long polymers • Nucleotides, with bands that are made of sugar, phosphate & nitrogen groups joined by ester (organic & inorganic compounds) bonds. • Run side by side • Ea. Sugar has 4 molecular bases that hold information • Read by copying DNA into nucleic acids called transpcriptions

  5. Organization • 2 structures called chromosomes • Chromatin protein (histones) compact & organize DNA • Duplicated before cells divide (DNA Replication) • Eukaryotic organism (animals, plants, fungi & protist) store DNA in nucleus

  6. Stored Information (Cont.) • Ea. Base is attached to a sugar and phosphate molecule • Base + Sugar + Phosphate = Nucleotide • Sugar & phosphate form the rings or back bone • Bases for the steps

  7. Stored Information • Information is stored in chemical bases • (A) Adenine (G) Guanine (C) Cytosine & (T) Thymine • Pairs are: A-T & C-G. Form bonds between oxygen & hydrogen in the bases. • 3 million bases +99% are the same in everyone

  8. DNA Replication • The double helix unwinds using enzymes (Helicases) • Breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the complimentary nitrogen bases between the 2 strands. Protein are added to each strand so they wont twist together. Forming a Y-Shape (replication fork) DNA replication - Google Video

  9. DNA Replication(Cont.) • At replication fork enzymes DNA polymerase each DNA strand • Move along ea. Strand adding nucleotides to the open nitrogen base = 2 new double helixes • After nucleotides have been added • Enzymes stay attached until all DNA has been copied & signaled to be detached • The nucleotide sequences are the same as eachother • DNA Replication Song

  10. What DNA is Used For • Forensics • To solve crimes • To give you characteristics

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