Energy Efficient Ice Storage Air Conditioning

1. Energy Efficient Ice Storage Air Conditioning Summer Peak Demand It’s all about AC Greg Tropsa gtropsa@ice-energy.com www.ice-energy.com

2. The peak demand problem is systemic, and getting worse Typical Summer Day Load Profile Peak demand growing at 3-5 times base load Residential A/C A/C is > 50% of peak demand Commercial A/C Commercial Lighting Base load 6 a.m. 12 noon 6 p.m. Demand for air conditioned comfort is the root cause of the peak demand problem

3. Summer Peaks are Getting “Peakier” Summer Peak DemandIt’s all about AC

4. The Ice Energy Solution It’s a night and day difference Efficient Ice Energy Storage Eliminates the Peak AC Problem

5. How It Works Ice Energy Storage Module • Cooling capacity is created during the night by freezing water • Best electric condensing unit efficiency • Lowest kW demand • Stored cooling energy is delivered during the peak of the day • Electric condenser “locked out” • Ice condenser delivers amazing cooling • The water never leaves the tank • 300 watts on-peak vs. 10,000 watts • Storage capacity 10,000 watts for 6 hours (60 kW-hr) • 15-30 year life, unlimited deep cycles • Efficiency, not curtailment

6. Before…. After…. Delivers 4 Tons on hottest days and energy intensity increases by 25% Delivers 7.5* Tons on hottest days and uses 300 watts Duct Air Flow Duct Air Flow Melt Zero evaporator coil freeze-up* Ice BearEnergy Storage Module IceMake Zero part load loss* 1/30th of daily cycles, lower operating temps* Off-the-shelf 5-Ton Condensing Unit Same Condensing Unit (locked-out during peak) *Improves Condensing Unit Effectiveness & Reliability

7. Low Cost, High Efficiency, Clean Storage Fast Food Big Box Retail Sports Club Residential

8. Who is Using Ice Energy Storage • Utility Customers • Southern California Edison • San Diego Gas & Electric • Los Angeles Public Utility • Anaheim Public Utility • Azusa Public Utility • Banning Public Utility • Burbank Public Utility • Glendale Public Utility • Hawaii Electric • Fort Collins Public Utility • Pasadena Public Utility • Redding Public Utility • Riverside Public Utility • Imperial Irrigation District • Sacramento Municipal Utility • Xcel Energy • The City of Victorville • California Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Rating • Customer Types • Car Dealership • Fire Stations • Libraries • City Hall • Police Stations • City Maintenance Buildings • Restaurants • Fast Food National Chain • Big Box National Retailer • Light Commercial Manufacturing • Office Buildings • Utility Buildings • Activity Centers • Health Clubs • Military Bases • Universities • Community Colleges • Large Custom Homes • Small Production Homes • Zero Energy Homes

9. Summer Energy Cost = Heat + Humidity = A/C Demand Highest Cost, Most Polluting Energy Real Time Energy Cost Conventional AC Energy Consumption

10. Separates A/C Demand from Heat & Humidity Lowest Cost, Least Polluting Energy Real Time Energy Cost Ice Energy AC Energy Consumption Ice Energy’s technology normalizes the weather

11. Standard A/C is Costly to Serve Demand Response A/C Cycling Significant On-Peak Cost January June December TDV = time dependent value of energy; for additional information search: TDV cookbook

12. Efficient Storage A/C Eliminates the On-Peak Energy Problem Insignificant On-Peak Cost January June December

13. Why Ice Energy’s Storage AC Eliminated the Impact of the July 2006 Heat Storm Monday Saturday Sunday Friday Tuesday Thursday Wednesday Peak Shift Peak Shift Peak Shift Peak Shift Peak Shift Peak Shift Peak Shift July 2006 Peak Demand Shift It really works!

14. Ice Energy’s Position in a Demand Response Network 60 kW-hours of storage breaks the dependency between comfort and high cost energy Peak hour AC comfort at low cost High price signal uses stored energy Cooldata Low price signal stores energy

15. Efficient Storage A/C Provides Greenhouse Gas and NOx Reductions • Exceptional reduction in source energy of 20% - 43% (Source: California Energy Commission) • Independent Study of Sacramento Metropolitan Air District • 56% lower NOx emission rate during off-peak • 40% lower CO2 greenhouse gas emissions • LEED sustainable buildings • Powerful measure for energy and atmospheric LEED credits for existing buildings and new construction California Energy Commission report recommends use as a statewide air emissions control measure

16. Efficient Storage A/C Increases the Value of Intermittent Resources

17. Typical Hot Summer Day • ~ 5% of wind generation available during peak demand period System Demand • Majority of wind generation occurs at periods of lowest demand Wind Power Generation noon midnight. Source: 2006 California Energy Commission report Efficient Storage A/C Delivers on the Promise of Wind

18. The Benefits of Ice Energy Storage for AC • Eliminates AC peak demand problem from summer heat and humidity • Reduces the cost of energy service for all ratepayer classes • Improves summer grid reliability • Improves utility load factors • No electric interconnection or permitting barriers • Sustainable energy efficiency & load management, not curtailment • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions • Improves the value of intermittent renewable Solar PV and Wind • Statewide economic development opportunity • Local labor and material purchases

19. Thank You Greg Tropsa gtropsa@ice-energy.com www.ice-energy.com

20. Extending the Thermal Energy Storage Market Thermal Energy StorageIce Energy Storage A/C • Tall City buildings, Universities, Stadiums  Commercial through Residential • Chilled water only  Refrigerant based only • 2 year project lifecycle  3 – 6 month project lifecycle • Custom engineered  Off-the shelf, over the counter permit • Large capital cost (millions)  Low capital cost (thousands) • Consumes equal or more energy  Consumes equal and up to 20% less energy • 100’s thousands of applications  100’s millions of applications