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LOCAL CULTURE, POPULAR CULTURE, AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

LOCAL CULTURE, POPULAR CULTURE, AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES. Chapter 4. What Are Local and Popular Cultures?.

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LOCAL CULTURE, POPULAR CULTURE, AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

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  1. LOCAL CULTURE, POPULAR CULTURE, AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES Chapter 4

  2. What Are Local and Popular Cultures? • Local culture: A group in a particular place that sees itself as a community, shares experiences, customs, and traits, and works to preserve those traits and customs to distinguish the group from others • Popular culture: A large, heterogeneous population, typically urban, with rapidly changing culture

  3. Local Cultures • Acceptance vs. rejection of popular culture traits • Impact on the landscape • Nonmaterial culture: Beliefs, practices, aesthetics, values • Material culture: Constructed items, frequently expressing nonmaterial culture • Establishment of neighborhoods, construction of places of worship and community centers

  4. Popular Cultures • Practiced by large, heterogeneous group • Rapid spread of new traits, often by hierarchical diffusion from a hearth, through transportation, communication, and marketing networks • Interaction between local and popular cultures • Patronage by local cultures of popular culture services • Adoption by popular culture of local culture traits

  5. How Are Local Cultures Sustained? • Assimilation policies: To force people of indigenous cultures to adopt dominant cultures • Preservation of customs: Practices that people routinely follow • Preserving boundaries to keep other cultures out • Avoiding cultural appropriation to keep control over their own culture • Importance of place

  6. Rural Local Cultures • Isolation • Common economic activity among members • Anabaptists • Mennonites • Amish • Hutterites • Makah Indians, Neah Bay, Washington • Little Sweden, U.S.A.—Lindsborg, Kansas

  7. Urban Local Cultures • Ethnic neighborhoods within cities • Creates a space to practice customs • Can cluster businesses, houses of worship, schools to support local culture • Migration into ethnic neighborhoods can quickly change an ethnic neighborhood

  8. Commodification • Process of making something that was not previously bought and sold a commodity in the marketplace • Material culture objects for sale to outsiders • Tourist value of culture as a whole • Question of authenticity of places • Mystical images • Creation of identity from cultural traits

  9. How Is Popular Culture Diffused? • Distance-decay: More interaction between closer places than between more distant places • Time-space compression: Interaction dependent on connectedness among places

  10. Hearths of Popular Culture Traits • Typically begin with an idea or good and contagious diffusion • Creation or manufacture of popular culture by • Companies (for example, MTV) • Individuals (for example, Dave Matthews)

  11. Stemming the Tide of Popular Culture • Rapid diffusion of popular culture from major hearths • United States • Europe • Japan • Resistance • Government subsidies: Media in local languages • Dominant cultures of wealthy countries: Fundamentalism • Minorities in wealthy countries: Cultural preservation • Political elites in poorer countries: Nationalist ideologies • Social and ethnic minorities in poorer countries: Greater autonomy

  12. How Can Local and Popular Cultures Be Seen in the Cultural Landscape? • Visible human imprint on the land • Placelessness: Similarity of places of popular cultures everywhere

  13. Convergence of Cultural Landscapes • Diffusion of skyscrapers as a mark of a city

  14. Convergence of Cultural Landscapes • The widespread distribution of businesses and products

  15. Convergence of Cultural Landscapes • Borrowing of idealized landscape images

  16. Cultural Landscapes of Local Cultures • Persistence of local cultural landscapes • Presence along “back roads” of wealthy countries

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