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Capacity Building and Research Requirements for Disaster Management and Prevention

Capacity Building and Research Requirements for Disaster Management and Prevention. Ibrahim Komoo & Joy Jacqueline Pereira. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. EARTH PROCESSES - ASSETS. Resources: Land Soil Water Minerals Energy materials

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Capacity Building and Research Requirements for Disaster Management and Prevention

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  1. Capacity Building and Research Requirements for Disaster Management and Prevention Ibrahim Komoo & Joy Jacqueline Pereira Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

  2. EARTH PROCESSES - ASSETS Resources: • Land • Soil • Water • Minerals • Energy materials • Underground space etc.

  3. EARTH PROCESSES - THREATS Hazards • Stability • Health risk • Environment • Earthquakes and tsunami • Volcanic eruptions • Subsidence • Flooding • Erosion etc.

  4. Current Population Scenario • Cities occupy about 3% of the Earth’s land surface • 50% of the world’s population is urban - Asia: hosts 60% of the world’s population, with 48% urban. - Asia: hosts six of the 10 megacities in the world • 75% of the world population lives in coastal zones

  5. Natural Disasters in Malaysia Source: Lim, C.S (2004)

  6. Pos Dipang debris flood, 44 people were reported lost or killed – August 1996

  7. Taburan Banjir dan Banjir Kilat di Shah Alam (1990 – 1998) • 178 Kejadian • 34 Kawasan Sumber: Bachat, J. 2006

  8. Sumber: Bachat, J. 2006

  9. Landslides at Bukit Antarabangsa The Malay Mail 22 Nov 2002 dan Arkib NST

  10. Athenaeum Tower 1993 • Loss of 48 lives in total • Destroyed a 12-storey condominium and a bungalow • Abandonment of Highland Towers Block B and C • Litigation by owner of residents in Block B and C • Compensation to some of the families • 10,000 residents cut off from the city • Evacuation of 1000 apartment dwellers • Water supply disrupted for several days • Decrease in property value Highland Towers Tmn Hillview • Tragedy could have been avoided • Destroyed a bungalow house • Approx. 50m wide and 200m long • 8 lives were lost, 5 were injured 1999 2002

  11. ROCK SLOPE FAILURES IN MALAYSIA • History of Rockfall: • 1919 Bukit Tunggal • Bukit Cheruh, Ipoh • 1996 Gua Tempurung • 2001 Tmn Rawang Perdana • 2003 Bukit Lanjan • 2004 Gunung Bercham, Ipoh

  12. Kompleks Gelinciran Tanah Kundasang KBN Pekan K4 SK K6

  13. Evidence of ground instability

  14. Status • The entire Kundasang highland area is experiencing aggravated threats from landslides. Large portions of residential areas sit on this landslide complex that is slowly moving. • As a result of this the local community is faced with the problems of social insecurity, economic hardship and environmental degradation. • Because of the large size, individual dwellers, while aware of local ground instability, were not aware of the landslide extent and the threat it poses.

  15. Amaran Awal dan Kawalan • Langkah Jangka Pendek • Kenalpasti zon berisiko tinggi • Langkah baikpulih kejuruteraan • Langkah bukan kejuruteraan • Sistem komunikasi penduduk tempatan – agensi berkepentingan • Langkah Jangka Panjang • Pendidikan dan kesedaran awam • Perubahan guna tanah – pembangunan semula • Kawalan pergerakan terintegrasi • Unit pengurusan dan pemantauan gelinciran

  16. Landslide Hazard Map • Zon bahaya di sekitar kawasan petempatan padat terutamanya: • Pasar & Pekan Kundasang • SMK Kundasang • Kg. Lembah Permai • Kg. Sinisian • Kg. Dumpiring • SK Kundasang

  17. Governance Framework • Stakeholder involvement – participation in decision making and planning processes • Innovative governance structures – there is a need to review current systems, processes, procedures and instruments for mountain governance • Incorporated ecosystem approach – the ecosystem approach in planning, managing, developing and monitoring mountain ecosystems • Balancing the needs of conservation and development – the balancing of the needs for economic and social development and ecosystem capacity must be given greater consideration • Assessment and monitoring measures – there should exist a system that allows for regular monitoring and assessment

  18. Tsunami 26.12.04 in Malaysia localities • Estimated death toll: 68 • Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah  12 • Penang  52 • Langkawi  1 • Tg.Piandang, Perak  2 • Sabak Bernam, Sgor  1 • Missing bodies: 3 • The bodies of three brothers from Penang have yet to be found (The Star, April 6, 2005).

  19. Houses destroyed by tsunami

  20. Lessons Learned • The need for a disaster management response, i.e. Early Warning System to be installed, 15 minute warning • Mangrove conservation: mangrove along the coast exposed to extensive erosion and intrusion. No development in mangrove sanctuaries • Cooperation and coordination among government agencies, NGOs, community and private sector in disaster response • Reconstruction plans should look at the needs of the victims, i.e. housing schemes for fishermen’ way of life • Public Awareness and education: Informing citizens on how to deal with a disaster • Development/settlement along the coastline need further assessment to ensure safety • Current guidelines for disaster management need to include tsunami related damage and impacts • Governance for Disaster Management: need for clear guidelines, role of media in early warning, role of lead agency, coordination with private sector, NGO, JKKK, religious institutions…..

  21. Disaster Management and Prevention –Issues • Public Awareness and Education • Information Availability • Coordination and Clarification of Roles and Responsibilities • Integrated Approach to Hazards and Risk Management • Prevention & Minimising Impacts • Disaster Management

  22. Disaster Management and Prevention –Capacity Building & Research Requirements • Promote training and education – formal & informal • Introduce retraining – practitioners • Enhance technical knowledge • Conduct state-of-the-art & participatory action research • Bridge gaps in the science-governance interface • Strengthen institutional arrangements • Promote stakeholder and public participation ***Is there need for a dedicated institution?***

  23. Disaster Management and Prevention –The Hyogo Framework Action (2005-2015) – Priorities for Action • Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. • Identify, assess and monitor risks and enhance early warning. • Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. • Reduce the underlying risk factors. • Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

  24. Disaster Management and Prevention –First Session of The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction: 5-7 June 2007 • Primary multi-stakeholder forum for all parties involved in disaster risk reduction. • Assess progress in the implementation of the Hyogo Framework and ISDR action 2008-09 • Calls for greater access to earth science skills for developing countries; including mapping of high risk areas. • UNFCCC Secretariat: disaster risk reduction is represented in the adaptation discourse of the climate change negotiations.

  25. Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Thank you.

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