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Nervous System

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Nervous System

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    1. Nervous System 1) CEPHALIZATION a. concentration of nervous tissue in the anterior end of an organism b. Complexity increases throughout the animal kingdom

    2. 2) NERVE “NET” a. a network of nerve cells allows the organism to respond to the environment b. Examples: Hydra and other Cnidarians

    5. 3) “LADDER” a. 2 lateral nerve cords joined by transverse nerves b. ganglia present in anterior end c. ocelli (eyespots) with photoreceptors with sense light d. Examples: planarian and other flatworms

    6. 4) CEREBRAL GANGLIA a. ventral nerve cord with anterior ganglia and body b. brain controls the activity of the ganglia ; coordinates muscle movements c. may exhibit eyes ; lenses create images d. tactile receptors sense touch e. demonstrates an increase in the overall number of neurons f. Examples: Annelids, Arthropods and Mollusks

    7. 5) BRAIN & SPINAL CORD a. Central Nervous System ( CNS ) * BRAIN -- the enlarged anterior end of the dorsal nerve cord + hindbrain – regulates organs below the level of conciousness + midbrain – receives sensory input- coordinates reflex responses + forebrain – receives and integrates sensory and motor input – associated with higher mental capacity

    8. * SPINAL CORD + dorsal nerve cord + transmits impulses to and from the brain b. Peripheral Nervous System ( PNS ) * LATERAL NERVES - accessory nerves transmit impulses to and from the spinal cord. * ACCESSORY SENSE ORGANS eyes, ears, nose, taste buds, ect.

    11. 6) FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM a. receive sensory input b. integrate sensory input c. generate motor outputs (respond)

    12. 7) NEURON a. white matter – myelinated nervous tissue b. gray matter - unmyelinated nervous tissue myelin = insulator that allows the conduction of impulses

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