Solar heating systems for multi-family houses - Keep it simple! - ESTEC 2007, Freiburg, 20 June 2007 Ronald Voskens Ecof

1. Solar heating systems for multi-family houses - Keep it simple! - ESTEC 2007, Freiburg, 20 June 2007 Ronald Voskens Ecofys S.L. r.voskens@ecofys.com tel. +34 93 64 55 458

2. Index • Introduction • SOLARGE • Market MFH • System configurations • Conclusions, Recommendations • To conclude

3. Q7, Netherlands 120 MW offshore wind farm Palm towers, Netherlands CO2 neutral offices The sustainable energy solution provider Murcia, Spain 14 MW PV plant The sustainable energy knowledge and innovation company The sustainable energy system supplier The sustainable energy project developer Solior: Integrated collector storage The sustainable energy innovation entrepreneur Econcern

4. Econcern Offices • 28 offices in 14 countries • ~600 employees

5. SOLARGE project (1/3) • SOLARGE; • Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family-Houses, Public and Social Buildings in Europe • January 2005 – December 2007 • 7 countries: Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Slovenia, Spain • 11 partners: in Spain Ecofys with support of Ecostream • www.solarge.org

6. SOLARGE: objectives (2/3) • SOLARGE is a European co-operation project to open up markets for large solar thermal plants, (>30m2) for multi-family buildings (MFH), hotels, public and social buildings

7. SOLARGE: realisation (3/3) • Training and further education measures for the supply side e.g. manufacturers and architects • Compilation of well-documented best practice projects • Information campaign for investors • Support for municipalities and decision makers • Positioning the issue at events and conferences • Provision of information material via internet • EU-wide dissemination of the project results: interactive project web-site, market studies, good practice project database: see www.solarge.org

8. MFH Market • Total market 46 mlj. dwellings • 43% of the total dwellings • New production • Spain 400.000 • Italy 200.000 • France 130.000

9. MFH Solar thermal Market • 820 MWth total annual market • 15% total installed • 475 GWh • 210 Mton CO2 • 350 MWth Spain • 150 MWth France and Germany

10. The power of a solar obligation • Barcelona factor 10!

11. CTE HE-4: Minimum solar contribution hot water preparation • 5 climate zones • If hot water consumption >50l/day

12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Solar powered hot water system

13. Basic system configurations *De-central on dwelling level *Central on string or building level

14. Systemanalyses • Technical issues • Suitability • System performance • Heat losses • Complexity & reliability • Non-technical issues • Investment costs • Exploitation & invoicing • Maintenance

15. Type: DDD (1/6) • Single family and multi-family houses • Advantages: • Individual systems • Disadvantages: • Limited storeys • Heat losses • Multiple components

16. Type: CCC (2/6) • Central system for hotels, MFH, etc) • Advantages: • Simple and cheap • Small heat losses tank • Disadvantages: • High heat losses recirculation pipes • Exploitation and maintenance

17. Type: CCD (3/6) • Semi central system for MFH • Advantages: • Simple and cheap • Small heat losses tank • Disadvantages: • High heat losses recirculation pipes, les than CCC • Exploitation and maintenance

18. Type: CDD.1 (4/6) • Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel • Advantages: • Small heat losses pipes • No additional invoicing • Disadvantages: • 1 control • Complicated hydraulic system, adjustments

19. Type: CDD.2 (5/6) • Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel • Advantages: • Small heat losses pipes • No additional invoicing • Optimal use collector • Disadvantages: • Multiple components • More expensive

20. Type: CDD.3 (6/6) • Semi de-central system for MFH; series • Advantages: • Small heat losses pipes • No additional invoicing • Simple hydraulic system • Less expensive • Disadvantages: • Solar heat exchange between dwellings

21. Conclusion and recommendations • Solar thermal systems for MFH sector is a promising target market (820 kWth ~1,2 million m2 per year) • Spain, Germany and France represent 80% of this market • Lots of system configuration are applied in this market, with all have advantages and disadvantages • Bottom line: apply sound solutions that last for > 20 years without technical problems and a minimum of maintenance • How? Keep it simple!: • As few as possible (moving) parts • Avoid complex hydraulic solutions • Configuration 3: Central collector and storage, de-central back-up, especially if ICS systems are applied

22. ICS: Integrated Collector Storage transversal section longitudinal section

23. Simple solution • ICS: Integrated collector storage • Exploitation and invoicing • Only measure total amount (WMB) and distribute the costs evenly • Measure the amount of preheated water to every apartment (WM1B to WM3B) • Both and let the choice to the owner(s)

24. To conclude • Lets develop the MFH market in a sustainable and simple way!...and remember Ronald Voskens Ecofys S.L. www.ecofys.com r.voskens@ecofys.com tel. +34 93 64 55 458 See also: www.solarge.org www.ecostream.com España es el país del sol Energía solar es la energía del futuro entonces ¡España es el país del futuro!