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Energy

Energy. Energy : The ability to do work! Transformation of energy occurs when energy in one form is converted to another form. Transfer of energy occurs when energy moves from one place to another Forms of energy: Chemical Electrical Kinetic Potential Heat Light. Batteries.

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Energy

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  1. Energy • Energy: The ability to do work! • Transformation of energy occurs when energy in one form is converted to another form. • Transfer of energy occurs when energy moves from one place to another • Forms of energy: Chemical Electrical Kinetic Potential Heat Light

  2. Batteries • Device that transforms chemical energy to electrical energy • Electrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge.

  3. Batteries Three main components of a battery: I. Negative terminal (electrode) an electrode made of metal such as zinc that accumulates negative charge (gains electrons) II. Positive terminal (electrode) an electrode made of a metal such as copper that accumulates positive charge (loses electrons) III. Electrolyte a liquid solution or paste whose molecules spontaneously separate into positively or negatively charged atoms or groups of atoms,called ions

  4. Single Cell Battery electrolyte Copper sulfate

  5. Single Cell Battery • A single cell battery is assembled by putting two metal strips (electrodes) in a container filled with an electrolyte. • The electrodes must NOT touch! • The battery works because of a process called oxidation-reduction (one electrode gains electrons, the other loses electrons)

  6. Single cell battery • The accumulation of opposite charges on the electrodes produces the electric potential of the battery. • Volts—the measure of the electric potential or how much electrical energy per charge the chemical reaction generates

  7. 2.1 Batteries • Zinc electrode—(loses electrons) oxidation occurs • Zinc atoms lose two electrons to the zinc strip and are converted to positive zinc ions that go into the solution • This eventually will dissolve the zinc strip

  8. 2.1 Batteries • Copper electrode—(gains electrons) reduction occurs • Positive copper ions in the copper sulfate solution gain two electrons forming neutral metallic copper on the electrode • The movement of ions in the electrolyte creates a current through the battery

  9. 2.1 Batteries • Wires that connect the light bulb to the battery provide a path for electrons to flow from the zinc to the copper electrode creating a current. • Evidence of a current: the light bulb lights up  • Electrical energy is transformed into light and heat in the bulb

  10. Wet vs. Dry Cell Battery • Called cells because they are basic building blocks of larger batteries. • Connecting cells can make batteries with more voltage than single cells.

  11. Wet Cell - has a liquid electrolyte Liquid electrolyte

  12. Dry cell—has a paste electrolyte

  13. 3.1 Battery Chargers • When a battery is charging, energy is being transferred back into the battery. • The charger runs a current “backward” through the battery, reversing the chemical process and converting electrical energy to chemical energy. • This system is not perfect, and eventually, rechargeable batteries must be replaced.

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