EDUC 5303G Technology and the Curriculum Sylvia Buchanan May 17, 2011

1. Technology & Me Virtual Museum EDUC 5303G Technology and the Curriculum Sylvia Buchanan May 17, 2011

2. Welcome to the Museum of Technology & Me Overview Museum Entrance Tech Used Today Teaching Challenges Elementary School Secondary School The Early Years University Curator’s Offices Future

3. Curator’s Office Sylvia Buchanan Sylvia Buchanan Born April 23, 1961 Grew up with little technology, now wouldn’t want to live without it. Have spent more than a quarter of a century travelling and working throughout the world, in a variety of occupations. Contact me at sylvia.buchanan@uoit.ca Return to Entry Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.

4. The Early Years – 1961-1965 Room 1 Artifact 2 1 During these years Lived in: Etobicoke, Ontario Halifax, Nova Scotia Niagara Falls, Ontario The Etch A Sketch was a favourite toy, as no technology was available during this period of my life. Click on images for further information. Return to Entry

5. Elementary School 1966-1972 Room 2 B&W television , transistor radio, 110 camera, Polaroid camera and record players were the only forms of technology I was exposed to during this period. Click on the images to obtain more information. Return to Entry

6. Senior Public School 1973-1975 Room 3 Artifact 12 Technology at school came in the form of manual typewriters and calculators. Also got our first colour television and a TV converter, so no longer had to get up to turn the channel. Click on images for further information. Return to Entry

7. Secondary School 1973-1979 Room 3 Technology at school came in the form of reel to reel film, cassette tapes, portable tape recorders and electric typewriters. Click on images for further information, Return to Entry

8. Technology at Work & Play Room 3 1983 - first used a computer at Rogers Cable, Oshawa 1986 - Wang Computers, London England 1992 - began working at Wellesley Hospital, Toronto 1997 - Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax 1999 - York University, Toronto 2000 - Masterfile Photography Stock Agency, Toronto Return to Entry

9. University 1997-2002 Room 4 The severance package from Wellesley Hospital enabled me to finally attend university. Began a degree in Fine Art in 1997 at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (NSCAD). Transferred to York University in September 1998 where I completed a Bachelor of Fine Art Degree Click on images for further information. Return to Entry

10. Teaching Overseas Room 3 2002 - Private Kids School/Corporations, Seoul, Korea 2003 - Private School, Bangkok, Thailand 2004 - Private Colleges, Muscat, Oman 2010 - Government University, Medina, Saudi Arabia Click on images for further information. Return to Entry

11. Vision of the Future Room 5 Computer Chair Built-in computer desk Computer that reads like a book Cell phone camera iBangle Click on image for further information. Return to Entry

12. Technologies I Use Digital Cameras Digital Picture Frames Laptop IPod Blackberry Internet Stick Portable Scanner ScreenPlay Pro External Drive Numerous Software Packages Interactive Websites Digital Equipment Return to Exhibit

13. Challenges for Teaching in the Digital Age • Not all students have the same level of technical understanding • Cost of training/purchase of initial equipment • Insufficient training or unfamiliarity with software • Increased workload • Lesson preparation is time consuming • Malfunctioning equipment • Technical difficulties • High cost of upgrading hardware/software • Educational software may differ from that in the workplace Microsoft Office Clip Art Return to Exhibit

14. Technology of the Future One of the most important elements of my future classroom would be to ensure it was connected to the world. It will be completely wired with ‘cool’ gadgets like a built-in computer desk, a computer that reads like a book when one screen is just not enough, a cell phone that can take photographs, and the next generation iPad; the iBangle, and of course more comfortable chairs to sit in. Digital Technology of the Future Return to Entrance

15. Overview • Began using computers in 1983 at Rogers Cable, Oshawa • Wang Computers 1986, London England • Wellesley Hospital 1992-1997, Toronto • Nova Scotia College of Art and Design 1997-1999, Halifax • York University 1999-2002, Toronto • Masterfile Photography Stock Agency 2000-2002, Toronto • Private Kids School/Corporations 2002-2003, Seoul, Korea • Private School 2003, Bangkok, Thailand • Private Colleges 2004-2009, Muscat, Oman • Government University 2010, Medina, Saudi Arabia Digital Technology Return to Entrance

16. The Early Years - 1962 This is a photograph of my older sister, my mother and myself at 2. In my early years there was little in the way of technology except for radio and black and white television. In those days there were with few channels to choose from and they went off the air each night. Family Photo Return to Exhibit

17. Etch A Sketch Created by Andre Cassagnes in the late 1950’s. Produced by the Ohio Art Company, which launched the toy in 1960. Became extremely popular and is still available today. Originally produced in Bryan, Ohio, but since 2001 has been manufactured in Shenzhen, China. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etch_A_Sketch Google Image Return to Exhibit

18. The Early Years -1963 This photograph was taken when I was two years old with my two older sisters on my grandparents farm in rural Nova Scotia. January 1963 Return to Exhibit

19. 1966-1972 This was my first transistor radio, 110 film and Polaroid camera , which I still have today. A transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver using transistor-based circuitry. Following their development in 1954 they became the most popular electronic communication device in history, with billions manufactured during the 1960s and 1970s. Their pocket size sparked a change in popular music listening habits, for the first time allowing people to listen to music anywhere they went. In the 1970s their popularity declined as other portable media players such as boom boxes and portable cassette players took over. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_radio Google Images Return to Exhibit

20. Grade 4 School Photo 1970 Thought I would share one of my old school pictures and make it look like a Polaroid. During my elementary years I attended school in: Niagara Falls, Ontario Winnipeg, Manitoba Ottawa, Ontario Cornwall, Ontario Technology as we know it today was a long way off when I was in primary school. 9 years old Return to Exhibit

21. The Record Player Thomas Edison began to understand the principles of recording and playing sounds in 1877 when he discovered how to play back a recorded message through the telephone. Edison released his idea to the world when he invented the first record player on November 21, 1877. The device was patented in February of 1878. The first record player that Edison invented recorded sound on a tinfoil record player cylinder using an up and down motion with an instrument called a stylus. The sound was recorded into the foil's indentations that were wrapped around the cylinder of the record player. Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/about_5052873_record-players.html An album and singles Google Images Return to Exhibit

22. B&W Television The history of television records the work of numerous engineers and inventors in several countries over many decades. The fundamental principles of television were initially explored using electromechanical methods to scan, transmit and reproduce an image. As electronic camera and display tubes were perfected, electromechanical television gave way to all-electronic systems in nearly all applications. An estimated 19,000 electronic television sets were manufactured in Britain, and about 1,600 in Germany, before World War II. About 7,000–8,000 electronic sets were made in the U.S.[107] before the War Production Board halted manufacture in April 1942, production resuming in August 1945. Television usage in the United States skyrocketed after World War II with the lifting of the manufacturing freeze, war-related technological advances, the gradual expansion of the television networks westward, the drop in set prices caused by mass production, increased leisure time, and additional disposable income. In 1947, Motorola introduced the VT-71 television for $189.95, the first television set to be sold for under $200, finally making television affordable for millions of Americans. While only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television set in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962.[108] In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_television#Television_inventors.2Fpioneers Google Image Return to Exhibit

23. 8-Track Tapes/Players "Bill" William Lear was the designer of the Lear Jet executive airplane, inventor of the 8-track stereo, and patented several car radios (U.S. patent 1,944,139 - not the first). William Lear founded the Lear Electronics Corporation, merging with the Siegler corporation in 1960 to become Lear Siegler Inc. William Lear used the capital he acquired from the Lear Siegler merger* to develop Learjet (a company he eventually sold to Gates rubber Co.) where Lear dedicated his life to the development of an antipollution steam engine and new materials for airplanes. History of the 8-track TapeThe 8-track format, on the other hand, was developed by a diverse consortium that included the Ampex Magnetic Tape Company, Lear Jet Company and RCA Records, and enjoyed the tremendous advantage of being championed at its inception by Ford Motors, which in 1965 (debuted September 15) offered 8-track players as an option in their complete line of 1966 model cars. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bllear.htm Google Images Return to Exhibit

24. Circa 1970’s Calculator The hand-held pocket calculator was invented at Texas Instruments, Incorporated (TI) in 1966 by a development team which included Jerry D. Merryman, James H. Van Tassel and Jack St. Clair Kilby. In 1974 a basic patent for miniature electronic calculators has been issued to Texas Instruments Incorporated. The patent is for personal-sized, battery-operated calculators which have their main electronic circuitry in a single integrated semiconductor circuit array, such as the popular "one-chip" calculators. This represents another in a series of landmark developments at Texas Instruments directly relating to miniature calculators. In 1958, Texas Instruments invented the first integrated circuit, subsequently patented in 1964. This key innovation resulted in dramatic change in virtually all areas of electronics equipment design, including calculators. Retrieved from: http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/handcalculator.htm Google Images Return to Exhibit

25. The First TV Channel Changer The first TV remote control, called "Lazy Bones," was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). Lazy Bones used a cable that ran from the TV set to the viewer. A motor in the TV set operated the tuner through the remote control.  Although customers liked having remote control of their television, they complained that people tripped over the unsightly cable that meandered across the living room floor. Retrieved from: http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/remotectl.htm Google Image Return to Exhibit

26. Manual Typewriter In 1829, William Burt from Detroit, Michigan patented his typographer which had characters arranged on a rotating frame. However, Burt’s machine, and many of those that followed it, were cumbersome, hard to use, unreliable and often took longer to produce a letter than writing it by hand. Finally, in 1867 a Milwaukee, Wisconsin printer-publisher-politician named Christopher Latham Sholes, with assistance from Carlos Glidden and Samuel Soule, patented what was to be the first useful typewriter. He licensed his patent to Remington & Sons of Ilion, New York, a noted American gun maker. In 1874, the Remington Model 1, the first commercial typewriter, was placed on the market. Based on Sholes’ mechanical typewriter, the first electric typewriter was built by Thomas Alva Edison in the United States in 1872, but the widespread use of electric typewriters was not common until the 1950s. Retrieved from: http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/sholes.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter Return to Exhibit

27. Reel to Reel Film The movie projector was first invented in the 1890's. Early film devices were created by inventors all over the world. The most significant inventions were made by the French Lumiere brothers and Thomas Edison. Several movie projection devices were invented from the 1890's to the early 1900's. Some of the early movie projectors were called cinematographs, kinetoscopes, and the vitascope. Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/about_5048420_history-movie-projector.html Google Image Return to Exhibit

28. The Tape Recorder and Cassette The "compact cassette" (a Philips trademark) was introduced by the Philips Corporation in 1963 and marketed in 1965 as a device purely intended for portable speech-only dictation machines. There was never any intention that it be a replacement for reel-to-reel recorders. The tape width was nominally 1⁄8 inch (actually 0.15 inch, 3.81 mm) and tape speed was 1.875 inches (4.76 cm) per second, giving a decidedly non Hi-Fi frequency response and quite high noise levels. Early recorders were typically hand-held battery-powered devices with built-in microphones and recording automatic gain control, intended for dictation and journalists. However, by the mid 1970s, both tape and recorder quality had improved to the point where a cassette deck with manual level controls and VU meters became a standard component of home high fidelity systems. Eventually the reel-to-reel recorder was completely displaced, in part because of the usage constraints presented by their large size, expense, and the inconvenience of threading and rewinding the tape reels, while cassettes are more portable and can be stopped and immediately removed in the middle of playback without rewinding. Cassettes became extremely popular for automotive and other portable music applications. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassette_player Google Image Return to Exhibit

29. The Sony Walkman According to Sony, "In 1979, an empire in personal portable entertainment was created with the ingenious foresight of Sony Founder and Chief Advisor, the late Masaru Ibuka, and Sony Founder and Honorary Chairman Akio Morita. It began with the invention of the first cassette Walkman TPS-L2 that forever changed the way consumers listen to music.“ The developers of the first Sony Walkman were Kozo Ohsone, general manager of the Sony Tape Recorder Business Division, and his staff, under the auspices and suggestions of Ibuka and Morita. Retrieved from: http://inventors.about.com/od/wstartinventions/a/Walkman.htm Google Image Return to Exhibit

30. Electronic Typewriter James Fields Smathers of Kansas City invented what is considered the first practical power-operated typewriter in 1914. In 1920, after returning from Army service, he produced a successful model and in 1923 turned it over to the Northeast Electric Company of Rochester for development. Northeast was interested in finding new markets for their electric motors and developed Smathers's design so that it could be marketed to typewriter manufacturers, and from 1925 Remington Electric typewriters were produced powered by Northeast's motors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TypewriterB Based on Sholes’ mechanical typewriter, the first electric typewriter was built by Thomas Alva Edison in the United States in 1872, but the widespread use of electric typewriters was not common until the 1950s. The electronic typewriter, a typewriter with an electronic "memory" capable of storing text, first appeared in 1978. It was developed independently by the Olivetti Company in Italy and the Casio Company in Japan. DID YOU KNOW?: There was buying resistance to the first typewriters, because poor spellers could no longer hide their ignorance by using poor handwriting. Samuel L Clemens, better know as Mark Twain, was probably the first author to submit a typed script to his publisher? - he was one of the first to purchase a Sholes & Glidden typewriter. Retrieved From: http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/typrwriter.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter Return to Exhibit

31. First Computers Used in the Workplace The first training and use of computers I had was in 1983 when I began working for Rogers Cable. There were no pretty icons to click on, instead you had to know the keystrokes and f-key functions. The software I used in the 80’s was WordPerfect and Lotus Notes. In 1986 I took my first trip backpacking through Europe. I loved it so much that I quit my job at Rogers, sold my stocks and bought a ticket to England with a return date of one year. Soon after returning home, I left again; this time with a one-way ticket to London and $300. In 1992 I returned home once again and began working at the Wellesley Hospital in Toronto as a medical secretary. Computers improved greatly by the nineties and the software used was Microsoft Word (before the icons) and Excel. Sadly the hospital was closed in 1997. Circa 1990’s Circa 1980’s Google Images Return to Exhibit

32. Machines of the 80’s & 90’s During the 90’s the most frequently used equipment was the computer, desktop printer, photocopier, and fax machine. For personal use it was a manual camera and Sony Discman, which replaced my Sony walkman. Since childhood my passion has always been for travel and photography. My first 35 mm camera was given to me in 1986 as I embarked on my first trip to Europe. Google Images Return to Exhibit

33. Digital B&W Film Enlarger While at university in Nova Scotia I was exposed to state of the art digital B&W darkroom equipment. Google Image Return to Exhibit

34. First Computer Used in School This was the first computer I used in school, which was at university ( NSCAD) in 1997 while studying computer animation. The iMac G3 was the first model of the iMac line of personal computers made by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.), and the originator of the Legacy-free PC market category. Like the first Macs, the iMac G3 is an all-in-one personal computer, encompassing both the monitor and the system unit in a single enclosure. Originally released in bondi blue and later a range of other brightly colored, translucent plastic casings, the iMac shipped with a keyboard and mouse in matching tints. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMac_G3 Google Image Return to Exhibit

35. My First Cell Phone While working on my undergrad degree at York University I purchased my first cell phone. This was not because I wanted phone mobility, it was simply because every time I tried to use a payphone at the university I would have to wait a very long time to find one free. I finally gave in and purchased a mobile phone to eliminate my irritation with public phones. Google Image Return to Exhibit

36. First Home PC and Internet Connection This was my first personal computer and dial- up internet connection at home (1999). I switched to high speed when that became available. My first online and correspondence courses were taken from York University. Synchronous courses were not yet available. The Presario family of computers was launched for the consumer marketplace in September 1993. Although HP has since acquired Compaq, the Presario name was not discontinued due to its marketability. In the mid-1990s, Compaq began manufacturing PC monitors as part of the Presario brand. An all-in one unit, the CDS-520, containing both the PC and the monitor in the same case was also released. The Presario brand is still being produced. There are currently three notebook models and two desktop models, as of May 2009. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaq_Presario Google Image Return to Exhibit

37. Living and Teaching Overseas Most of my teaching experience has been attained overseas. While in Korea I taught all core subjects to elementary school children and taught business English in Korean Corporations. (a) Leaving Korea for Thailand I taught English at grade 5 level and designed art camps for young children. (d) From Thailand I spent several months travelling around Southeast Asia before returning home for a brief visit. Soon after I went to the Middle East where I taught college and university English, digital photography and graphic art in Oman and English to Medical students for a brief time in Saudi Arabia. (b) b a c d Photographs by Sylvia Buchanan Return to Entrance