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The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment. Enlightenment ideas. Classical Liberalism Republicanism Deism Religious Tolerance Individualism Mercantilism. Enlightenment Ideas. Rationalism Relativism Skepticism Social Contract Scientific Revolution Separation of Powers. Benjamin Franklin. Voltaire.

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The Enlightenment

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  1. The Enlightenment

  2. Enlightenment ideas • Classical Liberalism • Republicanism • Deism • Religious Tolerance • Individualism • Mercantilism

  3. Enlightenment Ideas • Rationalism • Relativism • Skepticism • Social Contract • Scientific Revolution • Separation of Powers

  4. Benjamin Franklin

  5. Voltaire • Religious Toleration • Freedom of Expression "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"

  6. Montesquieu Separation of Powers

  7. René Descartes • “I think, therefore I am.” • Dualism

  8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau •  "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they.“ • General Will • Social contract • Popular sovereignty

  9. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • Wrote Leviathan • Didn’t believe in Revolutions • Believed in Absolute Monarchy • Life in the state of nature would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

  10. Hobbes’ Social Contract You would give up: Liberty In exchange for: Security

  11. John Locke • Wrote Two Treatises of Government • Believed in Natural Rights that come from nature or God • Those rights include: Life, Liberty (freedom), and Property • Believed in Limited Government that protected people’s Natural Rights

  12. Locke’s state of nature • Tabula Rasa • You have natural rights in the state of nature: • Rights to life, health, liberty, and property • Right of self-preservation • Right to execute the law of nature • Not a state of war

  13. Locke’s Social Contract • Problem: finding an impartial arbitrator— who shall be judge? • You would give up: • Your right to execute the law of nature • You gain • Impartial judgment

  14. Natural and social rights • Rights to life, health, liberty, and property are natural— you have them in the state of nature • You do not give them up in the social contract • You can’t give them up they come from nature • Slavery would be wrong even if voluntary

  15. Natural vs. Civil Rights • Some rights are natural, independent of government • Government derives its power from the rights individuals allow the government to control

  16. The Glorious Revolution

  17. America, post French & Indian War

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