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DoD Common Access Card From Smart Card to Identity Management

AATD. GlobalPlatform Business Seminar Toronto, August 21, 2002. DoD Common Access Card From Smart Card to Identity Management. Dr. Robert van Spyk Senior DMDC Consortium Research Fellow Bill Boggess Chief Access & Authentication Technology Division, DMDC. 1. Context: Challenges Met

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DoD Common Access Card From Smart Card to Identity Management

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  1. AATD GlobalPlatform Business Seminar Toronto, August 21, 2002 DoD Common Access Card From Smart Card to Identity Management Dr. Robert van Spyk Senior DMDC Consortium Research Fellow Bill Boggess Chief Access & Authentication Technology Division, DMDC

  2. 1. Context: Challenges Met 2. Learnings: Challenges Ahead 3. Paradigm Shift: from Smart Card to Identity Management Topics

  3. Context: Challenges Met

  4. The Decision Common Access Card • I.D. card for: • Active military • Selected Reserves • DoD civilians • “Inside the wall” contractors • Physical and logical access • Authentication keys • Military ID card infrastructure November 10, 1999 MEMO FROM: Dr. John Hamre (Deputy Secretary of Defense) Create a Common Access Card

  5. Card Architecture Goals Goals Security Multi-application Multiple vendors Interoperability Post issuance Best commercial practices COTS Cost effective Requirements Java 2.1 Global platform Interoperability Specification (BSI) 32K EEPROM FIPS 140-1 Level 2 Certification RESULTED IN

  6. Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System Database with 23 million records providing: Accurate and timely information on all eligible uniformed service members (active, reserve, retired), their families and DoD civilians Detailed information on DoD benefit program eligibility Real-time Automated personnel Identification System Application that produces the ID card Automated ID card system for military, retirees and their families Joint, total force, multi-national and worldwide The Business Problem What are DEERS and RAPIDS? Independent but closely coupled established systems which provide eligibility information for DoD benefits DEERS RAPIDS

  7. DEERS Population DMDC PERSON REPOSITORY Sponsors (Active, Reserves, Retired, Civil Servants) Previous Sponsors (Separatees with MGIB) Family Members Total 8,467,411 4,000,000 10,695,181 23,162,592 DEERS SIZE

  8. Where Are We Today • 883 Workstations in 466 Locations • 787,456 Cards issued as of 30 June • (current trend issuing around 7,000 cards per day)

  9. Toward the Million Mark

  10. Infrastructure DEERS/RAPIDS is a Person Based DoD Benefit Delivery System DEERS - over 25,000 users throughout DoD RAPIDS - 1318 workstations at 878 sites in 13 countries. OVER 1.5 MILLION TRANSACTONS A DAY ARMY, NAVY, AIR FORCE, MARINE CORPS, COAST GUARD, NOAA, PUBLIC HEALTH

  11. Learnings: Challenges Ahead

  12. Technology Adoption Electricity(1873) 100 100 Radio(1905) Telephone(1876) 90 90 80 80 Cell Phone(1983) Automobile(1886) 70 70 PC(1975) 60 60 Internet(1975) 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 Smartcard(1980) 10 10 0 0 Percentage of Ownership 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Years after Invention

  13. 1. The card is the tip of the application and IT infrastructure iceberg 2. Standards Mandatory for Interoperability 3. Introduction is not the same as Adoption 4. The card is about Identity Learnings

  14. CA access is critical for CRL and issuance Network performance impacted by several layers of security. Workstations converted to Win2K and Active Directory for integrated management: legacy systems problematic (e.g Y2K conversion) TNG and other tools for monitoring 1. Network Infrastructure

  15. Legacy applications and OS versions Some work: Outlook 2000, Netscape, IE. but only in latest versions Requires extensive user training Requires local CA for single login application Multiple dependencies across network with sever security and S/MIME, SSL, SSH, Kerberos, etc. PKI Enabling Non-Trivial

  16. Made great progress with standards: GP version 2.01 and Compliance Testing GSC-IS version 2.0 published July 2002 includes Card Edge Interface (CEI) Basic Services Interface (BSI) Extended Services Interface (XSI) Java 2.1 version but with proprietary implementations 2. Standards

  17. No Middleware agreement hence continue to depend on vendor specific software for accessing containers Standards options leads to incompatible implementation FIPS and other certifications costly Interoperability Elusive

  18. Interoperability Solutions • The DoD Strategy - • Embrace standards where they exist and stretch requirements so that standards work for the application- examples - PKCS11 - PCSC • Adopt industry best practices as defacto standards - examples - Global Platform - Javacard • Publish specifications and distribute freely - example the card edge specifications for our applets were published • Develop interfaces that are provided to anyone interested in developing or adapting applications to work with our card system - example - Basic Services Interface (BSI)

  19. Security alone not compelling to most Requires customer awareness and marketing-DOD has younger demographic Quality of Life enhancement Multi-purpose 3. Adoption

  20. Paradigm Shift: from Smart Card to Identity Management

  21. To know, unequivocally, the identity and privileges of an object (person or device) in real time. 4. Paradigm Shift: Identity Management

  22. Case for a New Paradigm Credit card industry has long recognized the issue - 1960’s - The card looks good - use the embosser 1970’s - I need to get authorization for this purchase - central system verification Present - all transactions authenticated - network based always on connection to central system Physical Access is at the 1960’s stage - it looks like a good card

  23. Case for a New Paradigm Lots of Cards ……. Today - Lots of credit/debit cards … Different pins - different procedures Different acceptance and capabilities Lots ID cards …. Different trust and authentication levels Visual evidence of your authorizations, memberships, affiliation

  24. Armed Forces of the United States Marine Corps Active Duty SAMPLE Parker IV, Christopher J. Rank LTCOL Pay Grade O5 Issue Date 1999SEP03 Expiration Date 2003SEP01 Geneva Conventions Identification Card The Vision One Card or a few cards Integrated identity solution Based on strong authentication Incorporating biometrics Able to perform multiple functions

  25. Components for Success Chain of trust in the identity end to end - key role for biometrics Independent verification wherever and whenever possible - authoritative confirming records Single identity repository that reconciles alternative views of the identity - person id services Multi-factor authentication at boundaries - the more the better Secure solutions for both the token/card and the central system - especially the biostore What are the components of a strong system?

  26. Components for Success 1. Enrollment Process RAPIDS Face to Face and Biometric Identification for ENROLLMENT 2. Unique & Persistent IdentityInfo 3. Third-Party Trust DEERS CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY Store Digital Certificates for AUTHENTICATION Maintain DoD-Wide IDENTITY

  27. Components for Success Chain of Trust Where we are going in DoD … role of biometrics Initial capture at application for military service - digital prints to FBI and to DMDC biostore - records check, face to face authentication, National Agency Check Entry onto military service - stored biometric checked against live scan before initial ID card issued Periodically - Member biometrically authenticated on ID card Reissue - every three years Physical access systems - multi-factor authentication including a biometric in high security areas or under high treat conditions

  28. Biometrics Issues • Future Directions for CAC • Biometrics Match on Card used instead of PIN • Biometrics use as an Access Control Process for using applets on the card. This will be for both on and off card matching scenarios and will be vendor neutral • More work has to be done to protect biometric stores.

  29. Summary • Path Forward • Increased emphasis on standards as prerequisite to interoperability and hence market share • DOD focus on Identity • IT infrastructure transformation exceeds Y2K effort • It is not the technology: it is the customer’s quality of life

  30. Dr. Robert van Spyk vanspyrp@osd.pentagon.mil 831-583-2500 ex 5576 Bill Boggess boggesbf@osd.pentagon.mil 831-583-4170 Contact

  31. Additional Slides

  32. Application Middleware-Card Issuer Specific BSI/XSI File System Card Edge API DATA (PKCS#15) APDU APDU Native Smartcard Middleware Card Edge API ISO 7816-4 Hierarchical File system File system 7616-5 API Vendor extentions crypto Card OS (Proprietary) Smart Chip Hardware

  33. InteroperableDirectory Structure Application Generic Middleware BSI/XSI Card Edge API APDU APDU API API CCC Card Info Container App Container Global Platform 2.01 Card Manager Applic Loader & Manager Java Card JCRE 2.1.1 Virtual Machine API Authent Object App Container App Directory Container Data Object Applet App Container App Container DATA Key Object Cert Object Applet DATA Directory structure points at credentials and other objects Each container can store several objects

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