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DRAFT Analysis of Wastewater Management Sector in Palestine

DRAFT Analysis of Wastewater Management Sector in Palestine. Nidal Mahmoud+ and Adel Yasin++ +Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University ++ Director of Sanitary Department/ Palestinian Water Authority PWA. Background about past situation present situation

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DRAFT Analysis of Wastewater Management Sector in Palestine

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  1. DRAFT Analysis of Wastewater Management Sector in Palestine Nidal Mahmoud+ and Adel Yasin++ +Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University ++ Director of Sanitary Department/ Palestinian Water Authority PWA

  2. Background about past situation present situation Challenge1:Water Supply Challenge 2: Fund Challenge3: Israeli Conditions Challenge4: WWTP Criteria Challenge5: Upgrade old WW Network Challenge 6: Effluent Disposal Challenge 7: Policy & Laws Challenge 8: Capacity Building Looking for the Future Presentation Outline

  3. The Past situation for wastewater system • During the occupation period, wastewater Sector used to be a very neglected issue • There are collection networks in the main cities and refugee camp (served 28-32% of population) remaining population uses cesspits • Many of these networks are old and poorly designed established before 1967 through Jordanian Administration and stayed without development

  4. The Past situation for wastewater system-continued • 40-50 MCM/Y of ww is generated, around 15 MCM/Y is collected by network then discharged into open areas (wadis) • Around 400 locations for vacuum tankers for discharging ww • There are very few un-functional wastewater treatment plant (94% of ww is discharged to wadies)

  5. The Past situation for wastewater system-continued • The un-treated Wastewater flows into the wadis • Some farmers use the mixture of both untreated wastewater and spring water in irrigation specially in Nablus and AlFar’a area

  6. Wastewater status in WB

  7. Percentage of Households that Use Cesspits Percentage of Households that Use Cesspits by Type of Locality and Region, 1997 (http://www.pcbs.org)

  8. Status of WW management in Palestine !?

  9. Israeli Colonies effects on the Environment • Israel is controlling the Palestinians for 40 years but they did nothing to protect the environment • Israel moved most of internationally forbidden industries to the West Bank and disposes all toxic effluents into Palestinian land without tratment • 95% of the industry in the sraeli settlements is considered toxic & dangerous industries

  10. Israeli Colonies effects on the Environment • Total effluent seawage discharged to the Wadis by Israeli Settlements is around 50 MCM • Palestinian Agricultural lands around the settlements were destroyed by untrated effluent

  11. Israeli Colonies effects on the Environment the last 10 years, The Palestinians allocated 250Millin USD for WWT projects but the Israelis stopped us by one way or another HOW!!!: • Security Areas • Connection of Illegal settlements • High Standards & Specifications

  12. Existing and near future WWTP Projects

  13. WW Projects

  14. Regional Sewerage Project Jenin • Project: Regional Sewerage Jenin • Total Investment:40 Million USD • Donor: Germany KFW • Start Implementation: not yet • Period of Implemntation: • Status: TOR prepared needs approval from JWC • Obstacles: Feasibility study could not be tendered before approval

  15. Regional WW Disposal Tulkarm • Project: Regional Sewerage Tulkarm • Total Investment:45 Million USD • Donor: Germany-KFW • Start Implemntation:2008 • Period of Implemntation: 3 years • Status: Feasibility Study ready • Obstacles:

  16. Sewerage Nablus West • Project: Sewerage Nablus-west (investment/Infrastructure restortion Measures • Total Investment: • Donor:Germany -KFW • Start Implemntation:1998 • Period of Implemntation: 37.8 Million USD • Status: Final Design ready • Obstacles:

  17. Ramallah Sewerage Treatment Project • Project: Ramallah Sewerage Treatment • Total Investment: • Donor: Germany KFW • Start Implemntation:Not yet • Period of Implemntation: • Status: Feasibility study Ready • Obstacles: TP Location

  18. Al-Bireh Wastewater Treatment Plant • Project: Sewerage Al-Bireh • Objectives • Total Investment: 12 Million USD • Donor: Germany - KFW • Start Implemntation:1998 • Period of Implemntation: 2.5 Years • Status: Functional TP • Obstacles:

  19. Salfeet Sewerage • Project: Sewerage Salfeet (investment/Infrastructure restortion Measures • Total Investment:11 Million USD • Donor: Germany KFW • Start Implemntation: 1995 • Period of Implemntation: • Status: postponded • Obstacles:JWU approval

  20. Hebron WWTP • Project: • Total Investment: 45 Million USD • Donor: USAID • Start Implemntation: Not Yet • Period of Implemntation: • Status: Postponded • Obstacles: Regulation of USAID

  21. Jericho WW collection System • Project: • Total Investment: () Million USD • Donor: JICA • Start Implemntation: Not Yet • Period of Implemntation: 3 years • Status: Feasibility Study is Ready • Obstacles: Location of WWTP, JWC Approvement

  22. Abu-Dis WW collection System • Project: Abu-Dis, Al-Izarita & Az-Zaim WW • Total Investment: (25) Million USD • Donor: Submitted to AFD • Start Implemntation: Not Yet • Period of Implemntation: • Status: Obstacles: Not Funded yet

  23. Despite all what have been done, still huge efforts are needed to properly manage the wastewater in Palestine

  24. Challenges1: Water Supply Priorities • Providing drinking water systems takes the priority where still more than 220 thousands in around 220 communities without networks • Chaleenge2: Raising huge amount of fund to improve WW sector services more than billion US Dollar are needed

  25. Challenge2: Limitation of fund and donor regulations and requirements • Challenge3: unsustainability & stability of External Donation Donor funds only to have sustainable & sanitation infrastructures, PWA policy and strategies should carefully considers the affordability of beneficiaries to pay for this service

  26. Challenges Israeli conditions through JWC that affect, postponds, stop projects for unreasonable aspects • Connection of illegal Israeli Settlement effluent to Palestinian Sewerage Systems • Specifications and standars of effluents and treated ww imposed by Israelis • Security aspects

  27. Challenges • Challenges4: selection of Appropriate treatment systems and technologies that leads to WW management driving forces and treatment technologies that achieve specific criterias by utilizing all type of technologies that help to minimize the running cost, example: produce gas CH4, incineration of sludge and available solid waste

  28. Driving Forces for WW Management • Public health risks: waterborne diseases • Environmental protection: water resources and soil • National and regional policies: standards and guidelines • Adequate sanitation services: life quality standards • Economical benefits: reuse and recreation • Political issues: regional stability

  29. Criteria for WWT selection • Satisfactory treatment efficiency towards: COD/BOD, suspended solids, N, P, etc. • Robust technology: high stability towards power cut, peak loads, toxicants, etc. • Flexible with respect to future amendments (extensions, improvement) • Simple in operation maintenance and control • Limited number of treatment steps • Absence of disposal problems (e.g. sludge) • No malodour nuisance • Availability of local experience • Designed for (by) product recovery

  30. Challenges Challenge 5: Upgrading of the West Bank old urban sewage works • Odor nuisance: -Overloaded pond systems -Misconception in design • Land availability: - No space for extension

  31. Challenge 6: Final effluent disposal • Reuse in agriculture: where, this was one of the main target of Master Plan started in 1996 • Treated ww recycling and reuse is considered a very important option for generating additional water resources to replace fresh water used for agricultural and industrial purposes • Artificail Recharge through Disposal final effluent in Wadis: environmental impact; compliance with political agreements

  32. Challenge 7: Enforcement of policy and laws PWA policy: • Based on “Polluter Pays Principle” and envisages a full cost recovery based on affordability basis, water-tariff models should be developed to assure cost recovery Palestinian Water Law: • - Set of regulations and rules entailing pollution fees for environmental pollution handlings

  33. Challenge 8: Capacity building • Building and maintaining a core staff for managing and regulating the wastewater projects: review of documents and formulation of future plans • Prepare for all training and capacity building program that required to support sustainable operation of the WWTP, and to achieve value from reuse of the treated wastewater.

  34. Look into the FutureSustainable planning of WWTP WW treatment facilities • Realistic planning and management? • Affordable CAPEX and OPEX? Political issues • Sovereignty? • Political power? • Commitment?

  35. Look into the FutureSustainable Operation Small WWTP Financial Resources • Effective financial management • Socio-cultural aspects • Public awareness and cleaner production tools Institutional issues • Establishment of wastewater associations? • Private sector involvement in sanitation services • Pollution control & reuse guidelines? • Water quality & public health protection?

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