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Why Study Rocks?

Why Study Rocks?. What is this made out of?. Rocks and the Rock Cycle. Remember how animals are classified by whether they eat meat, grass, or both? Rocks are classified based on how they FORM or HOW THEY ARE MADE!. Three Types of Rocks. Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous

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Why Study Rocks?

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  1. Why Study Rocks?

  2. What is this made out of?

  3. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

  4. Remember how animals are classified by whether they eat meat, grass, or both? Rocks are classified based on how they FORM or HOW THEY ARE MADE!

  5. Three Types of Rocks • Rocks are classified by how they form • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic Schist

  6. Rock Classification • Rocks are classified by: • How they form • Texture • Grain size • Mineral composition Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

  7. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock: forms from particles and/or cementation of sediments • Sediments are: • Rock pieces • Mineral grains • Shell fragments

  8. Sedimentary Rocks include: • Sandstone • Limestone • Mudstone • Conglomerate

  9. Sedimentary Rocks: Sandstone is made of particles of sand.

  10. Sedimentary Rocks: Limestone is made of calcium carbonate particles.

  11. Sedimentary Rocks: Mudstone is made by particles of mud.

  12. Sedimentary Rocks: Conglomerate is made of very large particles of pebbles.

  13. What is the Emirates Palace made out of? ANSWER: SANDSTONE AND LIMESTONE

  14. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic rocks are formed when pressure and heat act on sedimentary and igneous rocks. Gneiss

  15. Metamorphic Rock • During the forming of metamorphic rocks the rocks do not melt but remain solid. • You can see banding in rocks such as Gneiss. Gneiss

  16. Metamorphic Rock • You can see banding in metamorphic rocks such as Schist. • Banding is when layers of minerals form in the rock. Schist

  17. Metamorphic Rock • You can see banding in metamorphic rocks such as Schist. Schist

  18. What is the Grand Mosque made of? Answer: Limestone which is gone through a metamorphic change to form MARBLE.

  19. IGENEOUS ROCKS – IGNEOUS MEANS COMING FROM FIRE BECAUSE THEY ARE MADE FROM MAGMA THAT HAS COOLED.

  20. Magma that cools quickly forms the igneous rock Basalt with small crystals. Basalt

  21. Magma that cools slowly forms the igneous rock granite which has large crystals.

  22. Intrusive Igneous Rock • Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface granite

  23. Intrusive Igneous Rock: Granite - cools under the earth’s surface. granite

  24. Granite is an igneous rock used in kitchens

  25. Some parts of the Pyramids in Egypt are made of Granite and other parts of limestone.

  26. Extrusive Igneous Rock Pumice – Cools at the surface of the earth.

  27. Extrusive Igneous Rock Pumice – is used in bath products

  28. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable • Your foldable should include the following: • Name of each rock type • How each rock type formed • A brief description of rock type • At least 2 examples of each rock type • Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

  29. Rocks Break Down After many Years! Why?

  30. Answer: Weathering & Erosion Weathering • Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface Erosion

  31. There are two types of weathering: Physical Weathering and Chemical Weathering.

  32. Physical Weathering – The breaking down of rocks into particles by: • Ice • Wind • Hot during the day cold during the night • Plant and Animal Erosion

  33. Physical Weathering by wind.

  34. Physical Weathering by ice.

  35. Physical Weathering by water and ice.

  36. Physical Weathering exfoliation; hot and cold weather.

  37. Scree Slopes are caused by loose pieces of rock exposed to frozen water.

  38. Plant and Animals Erosion also make rocks fall apart.

  39. Chemical Weathering.

  40. Chemical Weathering – involves change to the composition of rocks from chemical reactions. • The air has carbon dioxide and mixes with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid mixes with rocks and forms calcium carbonate. • Calcium carbonate + carbonic acid hydrogencarbonate. • Carbonic Acid is a very weak acid, but over many years it forms holes and cracks over thousands of years.

  41. Examples of carbonic acid acting on rocks

  42. Examples of carbonic acid acting on rocks

  43. Carbonic Acid Weathering

  44. Oxygen is a gas and reacts with minerals in rocks very slowly. This is called oxidation. This also breaks up rocks.

  45. Salt also weathers rocks and breaks them up.

  46. How does rock change and get recycled? • Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

  47. The Rock Cycle

  48. The Earth Recycles Rock • The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface • Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another • Any type of rock can change into another type

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