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Visibility of Relationship Between Relative Index Terms and DDC Classes

This project explores how relative index terms relate to DDC classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification system, focusing on the inclusion of concepts, approximate vs standing room topics, and the challenges in identifying topics. The goal is to automate the designation of topics that either approximate the whole class or are in standing room.

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Visibility of Relationship Between Relative Index Terms and DDC Classes

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  1. Making Visible Hidden Relationships in the Dewey Decimal Classification: How Relative Index Terms Relate to DDC Classes 10th International ISKO Conference August 6, 2008 Rebecca Green Assistant Editor Dewey Decimal Classification

  2. Example class • 796.86 Fencing • Including bojutsu, kendo • Class here sword fighting • RI: Bojutsu • Fencing (Swordplay) • Kendo • Sword fighting • Swordplay

  3. DDC classes • Class as gathering point for set of topics • Caption • Including concepts • Class here concepts • Topics either equal / approximate whole of class or are in standing room in class

  4. Topics in classes • Approximating the whole vs. standing room: • Standard subdivisions can only be added for topics that approximate the whole of the class, not for those in standing room • Future expansion anticipated for topics in standing room, not for those that approximate the whole • Topics in class-here notes approximate the whole of the class; topics in including notes are in standing room

  5. Relative Index terms and class topics • Explicitly: Relative Index terms index class as whole • Implicitly: Relative Index terms associated with specific topics in class • Specific associations not recorded • Thus, unknown if Relative Index term topic approximates the whole of the class or is in standing room there • Project attempts to make this designation automatically

  6. Motivation • Correct decision on addition of standard subdivisions • Maintenance of scheme: If topic moves to another class, associated Relative Index term should, too • Support automated operations on scheme, e.g., creation of derived versions

  7. Difficulties • Identification of topics • Topics in caption • In multitopic caption, topics may approximate whole or be in standing room • Paraphrase relationship between topics in schedules and Relative Index terms (morphological, syntactic, semantic)

  8. Example • 133.3 Divinatory arts • Including fortune-telling by bones, dice, pendulum • Relative Index terms: • Bones—divination • Dice—divination • Pendulums—divination

  9. Standard subdivisions note • 749 Furniture and accessories Standard subdivisions are added for furniture and accessories together, for furniture alone

  10. Two-phase approach • In schedules Isolate topics Determine if topics equal / approximate whole of class (AW) or are in standing room (SR) • Match Relative Index terms to schedule topics, using series of increasingly more relaxed strategies

  11. Topic isolation • Sign languages used primarily for purposes other than communication of deaf people • Systems programsOperating systems • Satellites and rings; eclipses, transits, occultations • Religious experience, life, practice [can’t parse reliably]

  12. Approximates-the-whole topics • All topics in class-here note • Topic in single topic caption • Topic in multitopic caption, with note that standard subdivisions are added for: Any or all topics in heading Either or both topics in heading The specific topic alone

  13. Standing room topics • All topics in including notes • Topic in multitopic caption, with note for adding standard subdivisions, not meeting criteria for approximating the whole • Topic in multitopic caption, without note for adding standard subdivisions, that matches topic in subordinate caption

  14. Matching RI terms to topics:EXACT match 121 Epistemology (Theory of knowledge) 121.63      Certainty and probability Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading RI: Probabilities—epistemology (AW)

  15. Matching RI terms to topics:IN match • 620 Engineering • 627.52      Irrigation • Class here construction and use of irrigation canals • RI: Irrigationcanals—engineering(AW)

  16. Matching RI terms to topics:KEYWORD match • 384.14      *Activities and services • Including Morse and other code telegraphy, printing telegraphy; stock tickers, teletype, telex; comprehensive works on facsimile transmission • RI: Morsecode telegraphy (SR)

  17. Matching RI terms to topics:KEYWORD match • 384.51      *Satellitecommunication • RI: Communicationssatellites (AW) • 384.54      *Radiobroadcasting • Class here public broadcasting (noncommercial broadcasting), public aspects of amateur radio, interdisciplinary works on radiobroadcasting and television broadcasting • RI: Noncommercialradio(AW)

  18. Matching RI terms to topics:PARTIAL (50%+) match • 748    Glass • 748.6      Methods of decoration • RI: Decorative treatment—glass(AW)

  19. Results

  20. Future improvements (1) • Observe hierarchical force • 302 Social interaction • Class here . . . social psychology • 302.24 Content • Including gossip, rumor • RI: Rumor—social psychology

  21. Future improvements (2) • Don’t require match on Relative Index qualifier • 335.2 Systems of French origin • Including Babouvism, Icarianism • RI: Babouvism (Socialist school)

  22. Future improvements (3) • Introduce stopwords for general terms • 748    Glass • 748.6      Methods of decoration • RI: Decorative treatment—glass(AW)

  23. Future improvements (4) • Locally reverse treatment of main heading and subheading • 220 The Bible • 224 Prophetic books of Old Testament • 224.1 Isaiah (Isaias) • RI: Bible. O.T.--Isaiah

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