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Skeletal System

In this lesson, you will learn about the skeletal system, including its parts, functions, and how they work together. You will also explore different types of connective tissue, bone injuries, and disorders.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System

  2. The Skeletal System In this lesson, you will Learn About… • I can describe the parts and functions of the skeletal system and explain how they work together • I can describe the types of connective tissue • I can discuss and describe bone injuries and disorders of the skeletal system.

  3. The Skeletal System The Vocabularyterms for this lesson are: • Skeletal system. • Joint. • Cartilage. • Ligament. • Tendon.

  4. Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement You depend on your skeletal and muscular systems to support you and help you move.

  5. Bones for Support The skeletal system gives the body structure and protects the internal organs. The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones as well as many joints and connecting tissues. Connective tissue: -Cartilage -Ligaments -Tendons

  6. Bones for Support Bones have many important jobs: Movement: bones provide points of attachment for muscles. When your limbs move muscles pull on bones. Support: backbone is made of 24 bones called vertebrae. Backbone supports head and upper body Protection: bones of the skull protect the brain; ribs protect your heart and lungs Blood cell formation: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of some bones Storage: store minerals like calcium

  7. Bones for Support • The inner cavity of your long bones contain yellow marrow and red marrow. • Yellow marrow is a fatty tissue • Red marrow produces red blood cells and most of the white blood cells in your blood

  8. Bones for Support

  9. Cranium (skull) Clavicle(collarbone) Cervical vertebrae (neck bones) Scapula(shoulder blade) Thoracic vertebrae (upper back) Sternum(breastbone) Lumbar vertebrae(lower back) Humerus(upper arm) Pelvis Rib cage Femur(thighbone) Ulna Radius Patella (kneecap) Carpals (wrist) Tibia (shinbone) Metacarpals (hand) Fibula Phalanges (fingers and toes) Tarsals (ankle) Metatarsals (foot) The Skeletal System

  10. The Skeletal System (cont’d.) The skeletal system has several types of joints. • Some joints are immoveable, such as those in the skull. • Others allow a wide range of movement.

  11. Pivot JointThe end of the bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. The joint can move up and down and from side to side. One pivot joint is located between the first two vertebrae, connecting the head to the neck. Ex. b/w neck & head Gliding Joint One part of a bone glides over another bone, allowing a small range of sideways movement. The vertebrae in the back that protect the spinal cord are examples of gliding joints. Ex. Vertebrae, wrists, & ankles Ball-and-Socket JointThe ball-shaped head of one bone moves inside the cup-shaped socket of another. The joint can move in all directions. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. Ex. Hips and shoulders Hinge Joint This joint moves in only one direction, like a door hinge. The knee and elbow are hinge joints. Ex. Elbows and knees The Skeletal System (cont’d.)

  12. Ball and Socket Joint • Ball and socket joints move in all directions • Held in place by ligaments • Examples: hips and shoulders

  13. Hinge Joint • Move in only one direction • Examples: elbows and knees

  14. Gliding Joint • Enable bones to slide over one another • Examples: vertebrae, wrists, and ankles

  15. Pivot Joint • Move from side to side and up and down • Examples: head and neck

  16. Connective Tissue 3 Types of connecting tissues link bones to muscles so that the two can work together to move parts of the body. Each type has a specific function: • Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear. • When you were a baby, your skeleton was mostly cartilage. As you grew cartilage was replace by bone. • Ligamentshold bones in place at the joints; for example, in the knee and ankle. • Tendonsjoin muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.

  17. Caring for Your Skeletal System Keep the skeletal system healthy by following these tips: • Participate in regular physical activity. • Follow a nutritious eating plan. • Practice good posture. • Lift objects carefully. • Treat injuries quickly.

  18. Reviewing Terms and Facts • List the three types of connecting tissue. • Cartilage • Ligaments • Tendons

  19. Reviewing Terms and Facts • Explain how your skeletal and muscular systems work together. The skeletal system supports and protects the body. The muscular system is connected to the skeletal system and the muscles contract or extend to cause movement of the bones.

  20. Thinking Critically • Why do you think backaches may be caused by poor posture?

  21. Vocabulary Review The skeletal system is the framework of bones and other tissues that supports the body.

  22. Vocabulary Review The muscular system consists of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs.

  23. Vocabulary Review The place where two or more bones meet is calleda joint.

  24. Vocabulary Review Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear.

  25. Vocabulary Review A ligament holds bones in place at the joints.

  26. Vocabulary Review Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.

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