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Chapter 20

Chapter 20. Antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. T. 稽留热. 40 0 c. 弛张热. 低热. 37 0c. day. 0. 1 2 3 4 5. 解热镇痛抗炎药. objecter. 掌握 解热镇痛抗炎药的一般药理. 阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛 的药理作用、临床应用、不良反应和药物的相互作用。

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Chapter 20

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  1. Chapter 20 Antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs

  2. T 稽留热 40 0c 弛张热 低热 37 0c day 0 1 2 3 4 5

  3. 解热镇痛抗炎药

  4. objecter • 掌握解热镇痛抗炎药的一般药理.阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛的药理作用、临床应用、不良反应和药物的相互作用。 • 熟悉 布洛芬、双氯芬酸、选择性COX-2抑制药的药理作用特点。 • 了解其他解热镇痛抗炎药的作用特点。

  5. Introduction • [ definition] p.185 1) have strong antipyretic (解热)、 2)analgesic 、 3)anti-inflammatory (抗炎) 4)antirheumatic (抗风湿) effects. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs 非甾体抗炎药)

  6. a wide variety of drugs, chemical structure are various. NSAIDs aspirin (阿司匹林) Anti-inflammatory drugs SAIDs hydrocortisone (氢化可的松)

  7. [ mechanism ] SAIDs (–) Membrane phospholipids NSAIDs(–) PLA2 甾体激素 Arachidonic acid 非甾体抗炎药 COX PGG2, PGH2 LTs(白三烯) vessel platelet PGI2 PGF, PGE TXA2

  8. 【commonness】 一、antipyretic action 1) pyretic 产生、释放 细菌毒素 病毒等 粒细胞 吞噬、处理 内热原 CNS PG合成与释放 aspirin ㈠ 体温调定点 2) antipyreticmechanism >370C 发热

  9. 3)characters 1、 temperature  normal ( patients with fever ); 2 、 the action independent of environment temperature; 3 、 mainly influence dispel fever . (散热)

  10. Meaning of pyretic advantages:recovery ,diagnose ; disadvantages:high fever or durative fever  consume physical force , CNS function disorders . T > 39ºc (especially wean !) Notice

  11. 二、analgesic action Characteristics : 1)moderate analgesics , Inflammatory pain well, but severe or colic pain useless. 2) no addiction , no respiratory depression .

  12. Mechanism of analgesic 组织损伤 局部炎症 致痛物质 BK、PG等 痛 觉 感受器 局部释放 (+) 痛觉增敏 疼痛 NSAIDs㈠ NSAIDs ㈠ COX  PG  analgesic

  13. (1) Functionary site---- mainly peripheral; 2)(-) COX  PGS synthesize ; 3)  sensitize to inflammatory mediators.

  14. 三、Antiinflammation • In the inflammatory reaction PGs produce : vasodilation; vascular permeability ; tissue oedema …… NSAIDs (–) COX Cellular adhesion molecule(细胞粘附分子)

  15. Cyclooxygenase , COX • COX-1 structural type 结构型 参与血管舒张、血小板聚集、胃粘膜血流、胃粘液分泌及肾功能的调节; • COX-2 derivational type 诱导型 一般在正常组织较少表达,而在炎症部位呈诱导性表达,是产生PGE2等炎症介质的关键酶。

  16. NSAIDs对COX-1和COX-2作用的比较(IC50:mol/L) 药 物 COX-1 COX-2 COX-2/COX-1 吡罗昔康 0.0015 0.906 600 阿司匹林 1.6 277.0 173 吲哚美辛 0.028 1.680 68 布洛芬 4.8 72.8 15.16 美洛昔康 0.214 0.171 0.08 萘普生 9.5 5.0 0.58 萘丁美酮 7.0 1.0 0.143 尼美舒利 >10 0. 07 <0.007 塞来昔布 15 0.04 0.0027 罗非昔布 0.018 0.0015 <0.0833

  17. Classification according to selectivity of COX NSAIDs Non-selectivity COX inhibitors aspirin, ……. selective COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib, nimesulide… 塞来昔布 尼美舒利

  18. §1 non-selective COX inhibitors • Classification 水杨酸类 aspirin,sodium salicylate; 苯胺类 acetaminophen; 有机酸类 indomethacin,ibuprofen; 吡唑酮类 phenylbutazone; ……

  19. Usual drugs aspirin 阿司匹林 acetylsalicylic acid 乙酰水杨酸

  20. 【pharmacokinetics】 1、absorb rapidly,distribution wide ; 2、 metabolism ---liver; 3、non-linearity elimination, dosage  t1/2  ( >1g, t1/2 15~30h ); 4、excretion---kidney, urine pH influence its excrete.

  21. 【 actions and uses 】 1. antipyretic 、analgesicand anti-rheumatic effects usually used for: various inflammatory pain; rheumatic arthritis first choice; 3-5g / d, qid. 风湿性关节炎

  22. 2. treatment of thrombosis ( 血栓病) Platelet TXA2 synthesize Low dose(-) 血栓素A2 aspirin PLT congregate  therapeutic effect Large dose(-) Vessel COX  PGI2 -----effect 

  23. high selectivity • 75~100mg/ d prevent thrombosis.(血栓形成)

  24. 【 adverse reactions 】

  25. 1、gastrointestinal symptoms the most common reaction, induce or aggravate (加重) ulcer ;  direct stimulation,  (-) parietal cell COX-1 PGE2 used with misoprostol (米索前列醇)  peptic ulcer occur

  26. 2、cruor drawback (凝血障碍) prolonged bleeding time prevention and cure :vitamine K 3、anaphylaxis(过敏反应) asthma of aspirin, Adr—inefficacy !

  27. 4、salicylate reaction(水杨酸反应) overdosage ( >5g / d) GI symptoms + CNS symptoms 1) withdrawal at once; 2) iv.gtt. NaHCO3  excretion. 5 、renal damage PGE2 、 PGI2 mediated effects (-). ……

  28. Acetaminophen对乙酰氨基酚( paracetamol 扑热息痛) 【 characteristics 】 1、antipyretic 、analgesic≈ aspirin without antiinflammation ; 2、mostly use for: headache、fever can’t take aspirin; 3、adverse reaction mild, overdosage ----- hepatic damage.

  29. Indomethacin (吲哚美辛,消炎痛) 【 characteristics 】 1. One of the most potent COX inhibitors; 2. Antiinflammatory 、antipyretic and analgesic effects are remarkable;

  30. 3. Used in: rheumatoid arthritis , (风湿性关节炎) stiffness of osteoarthritis. (强直性骨关节炎) 4. Adverse reactions: severe; cross-irritability(交叉过敏性)with aspirin.

  31. Others p.190-191 • Ibuprofen 布洛芬 • Diclofenac 双氯芬酸 • Piroxicam 吡罗昔康 • Phenylbutazone 保泰松 • Nabumetone 萘丁美酮 ……

  32. §2 selective COX-2 inhibitors P.192 Celecoxid(塞来昔布) Rofecoxib(罗非昔布) nimesulide (尼美舒利) new-typeNSAIDs , selective (-) COX-2, adverse reactions < non-selective NSAIDs.

  33. 抗感冒药常用的复方制剂 • 快克醋氨酚 250mg 金刚烷胺 100mg 氯苯那敏 2mg 人工牛黄 10mg 咖啡因 15mg 白片 黑片 白+黑 醋氨酚 0.325g 0.325g 伪麻黄碱 30mg 30mg 右美沙芬 15mg 15mg 苯海拉明 25mg

  34. 常用抗感冒药组方 (Mg/片) 对乙酰 氨基酚 非那 西丁 药物 苯海拉明 氨基比林 扑尔敏 右美沙芬 伪麻黄碱 苯丙醇胺 咖啡因 泰诺 2 325 15 30 康泰克 4 50 克感敏2 126 30 100 APC 35 162 乙酰水杨酸 226.8 去痛片126 50 150 感冒灵 3 250 30

  35. 三九感冒灵颗粒 维C银翘片……

  36. 思 考 题 1、试比较解热镇痛药与镇痛药在镇痛方面的作用和应用。 2、试比较解热镇痛药与氯丙嗪在影响体温方面的作用和应用。

  37. Thank you good bye

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