定语从句

1. 定语从句 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 定语从句在句中相当于形容词，来修饰名词和代词作定语。 在名词或代词后 从句的位置： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 引导词: 引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置

2. 在定语从句中作 先行词为 主语或宾语 who that whom which whose 人 物/人 人 物 某人/某物的 在从句中作宾语可省去 主语或宾语 关系代词 宾语 引 导 词 宾语或主语 定语 关系副词 状语 状语 状语 时间 When Where why 地点 原因

3. Which /that Who/that Whom/who /that Which/that Whose/of which whose A relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as the object in attributive clause.

4. (1) He still lives in the room ________window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _________is in the north of the city. whose which (1)I will never forget the days ________we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _________we spent together. when that (1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _________he explained is not true. why that where (1) We will meet at the same place________we met last month. (2) We will meet at the same place ________we visited last month. that

5. (1)He has got himself into a dangerous situation ___ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(’01上海） A. where B. which C. while D. why (2) We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.(’02北京） A. what B. which C. where D. when (3)York, ____ last year, is a nice old city.(’03北京） A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited (4)We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.(’03春招） A. which B. that C. whose D. when (5)There were dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands.(’04吉林) A. where B. which C. when D. that (6) I work in a business _____ about everyone is waiting for a great chance(’04湖南） A. how B. which C. where D. that

6. 2.who,that （先行词为人）有区别吗？ 1.用who不用that的情况： (1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。 Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2. 用that不用who的情况： (1) 当先行词既是人又是物。 (2)当句子出现一个who等。 （3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered there Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

7. 3.which,that(先行词为物） 有区别吗？ 1.只用that不用which 的情况： (1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all 等不定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。 （3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词 （4）先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every,who等 修饰时。 （5）关系代词在从句中作表语时 This is one of the bestfilms that I have ever seen. China is no longer the countrythat it used to be. All that can be done has been done. He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad. This is the very book that I am looking for. Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

8. 4.只能用which 不能用that的情况: 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物) 2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用 which (1) The machine ,which I have looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. (2)She failed the exam, whichmade her parents very angry. (3)He saw a film, which was about the Long March. (4)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke. Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。

9. 1.Tom was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____ of course, made the others unhappy.(’00全国） A. who B. which C. this D. what 2.The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn’t expected. (’00春招） A. when B. that C. which D. what 3. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad.(’04辽宁） A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that

10. 5.介词+关系代词 1. 先行词为人,关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用which. 2. 关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that 或who,而且可省去。 3. 关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why =介词+which for which 1. This is the reason _____ ____ he left his hometown. 2. I’ll never forget the day ____ _____ we stayed together 3.This is the girl ______ _______I learned the news. 4.The person____ _____ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5.I’ll show you a store____ ______you may buy all that you need. 6.I don’t like the way____ _____ you laughed at her. (why) on which (when) from whom to whom in which (where) (that/—) in which

11. The gentleman____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.(’00上海春招） • A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom • 2.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable.(’00上海） • A. which price B. the price of which • C. its price D. the price of whose • 3.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.(’04广西） • A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which • 4.American women usually identify their best friend as someone ___ they can talk frequently.(’04上海） • A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

12. 6.非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点： 1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. 3.Aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself. 4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music. 说明：1.非限制性定语不能用that 引导； 2.作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 3.要用逗号隔开。

13. 7.As 也可以用来引导定语从句 1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen asI used yesterday. 3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved. 4.I will read as many books as are required. 5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. 当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

14. *先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词可用as也可用that，但意义不同，前者是“同样的”，后者是“同一的”。试比较： This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 这是我昨天借给你的那种书。 This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. 这是我昨天借给你的那本书。

15. 8.as ,which 引导非限制性定语的区别 1.which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。 (1) The meeting, which was held in the park,was a great success. (2) All the books , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不 放句首。 (1)Jack’s dog became ill and died ,which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, our football team lost the match again. 3.as 引导的从句有(正如……),(就象……),(由……而知）等含义. (1)Taiwan is a part of China,as is known to us all. (2)She is very careful,as her work shows. (3)The lady is very learned,as is said in the book.

16. *如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed in the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems to be a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. *如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which. a. He cheated his friend of much money, which was very disgraceful. b. He came back late, which made his mother worried .

17. 1.These houses are sold at such a low price ___ people expected.(’00上海） A. like B. as C. that D. which 2. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(’01全国) A. It B. As C. That D. What 3. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____ , of course , made the others envy him. (’04天津） A. who B. that C. what D. which 4. ____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (’04北京） A. It B. As C. That D. What 5. ____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(’04江苏） A. Which B. When C. What D. As

18. 基础巩固 1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago. 3. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground. 4. English is a subject I am interested. 5.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith? 6.There is not a single person in the street whom I can turn for help. that ^ who/that ^ in has ^ to

19. 7. Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 8. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me. 9. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. 10. The bike by which I travelled was his. 11. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend. 12. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. 13. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. ____ as _____ which ____ that ___ on that it as

20. 定语从句和其它句型的转换 1.定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China. There are lots of good English programmes on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. At one time there were long queues of people ________ outside the CAAC offices. broadcast waiting (3)The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10,_____ a 15-year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends 分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词;如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；

21. 3.定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _______no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_________he can easily find it. (3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？ that as in which where where (4) Anyway, that evening, _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rechel’s place.(’04浙江） A. when B. where C. what D. which 分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(2)句which引导的是定语从句修饰名词drawer,而where引导的是地点状语修饰动词put

22. 2.定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. -----I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease. 2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses which whom (3) Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is world-famous?(’01上海） A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which (4) Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ___ we would have lost our way.(’04北京） A. it B. that C. this D. which 分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键

23. 4.定语从句和名词性从句 (1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what) (2) All that can be done has been done. (=what) (3) _______is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _______Taiwan belongs to China. ______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. As that What (4)Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(’02上海春招） A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained

24. 6.定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem __________we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem __________he asked me to solve is hard to solve. that that/which that that/which (5) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars____ road conditions need ___.(’03上海) A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 分析：that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。

25. 7.定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room ______I lived last year. It is the room _______I lived last year. (2) It was at seven o’clock ______he went to school this morning. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning. that where that when 分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。(1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。 (3) It is the ability to do the job ___ matters not where you come form or what you are.(’00全国) A. one B. that C. what D. it

26. (4) It was for this reason ___ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.(’01上海春招） A. which B. why C. that D. how (5) It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ___ attracted the audience’s interest.(’02上海） A. so that B. that C. what D. in which (6) It is these poisonous products _____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.(’03上海） A. who B. that C. how D. what (7)It was only with the help of the local guide ___.(’04上海春招） A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. when the mountain climber was rescued

27. (8) Why! I have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to say?(’04上海） A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that (9)It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. because B. which C. since D. that (10)It was ______ back home after the experiment.(’04湖北） A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go