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1-Past Participle 2-Present Perfect

1-Past Participle 2-Present Perfect. Participio pasado Presente perfecto del indicativo. ¿ Cómo lo hago ?. To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (- ar , - er , - ir ) and add -ado (for - ar verbs) or - ido (for - er , - ir verbs).

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1-Past Participle 2-Present Perfect

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  1. 1-Past Participle2-Present Perfect Participiopasado Presente perfecto del indicativo

  2. ¿Cómo lo hago? • To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs). • hablar - ar + ado = hablado • comer - er + ido = comido • vivir - ir + ido = vivido

  3. Irregular past participles • abrir (to open) - abierto (open) • cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered) • decir (to say) - dicho (said) • escribir (to write) - escrito (written) • freír (to fry) - frito (fried) • hacer (to do) - hecho (done) • morir (to die) - muerto (dead) • poner (to put) - puesto (put) • resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved) • romper (to break) - roto (broken) • ver (to see) - visto (seen) • volver (to return) - vuelto (returned)

  4. Most past participles can be used as adjectives. Like other adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify. • La puerta está cerrada.Thedoorisclosed. • Las puertas están cerradas.Thedoors are closed. • El restaurante está abierto.The restaurant is open. • Los restaurantes están abiertos.The restaurants are open.

  5. The past participle can be combined with the verb "ser" to express the passive voice. • Use this construction when an action is being described, and introduce the doer of the action with the word "por."

  6. La casa fueconstruidapor los carpinteros.The house was built by the carpenters. • La tiendaesabiertatodos los díaspor el dueño.The store is opened every day by the owner.

  7. Probemos • Hablar….. • Comer….. • Vivir….. • Ver… • Dormir…. • Escribir…. • Cubrir…

  8. Present Perfectdel indicativo • The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle.

  9. Inglés • I have studied.He has written a letter to María.We have been stranded for six days.

  10. Because the present perfect is a compound tense, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb. • have studied.(main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: have) • He has written a letter to María.(main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: has) • We have been stranded for six days.(main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: have)

  11. Español • In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. • Haber is conjugated as follows:

  12. hehashahemoshabéishan

  13. (yo) He comido.I have eaten. • (tú) Has comido.You have eaten. • (él) Ha comido.He has eaten. • (nosotros) Hemoscomido.We have eaten. • (vosotros) Habéiscomido.You-all have eaten. • (ellos) Han comido.They have eaten.

  14. When you studied the past participle, you practiced using it as an adjective. When used as an adjective, the past participle changes to agree with the noun it modifies. However, when used in the perfect tenses, the past participle never changes.

  15. Past participle used as an adjective:La cuentaestápagada.The bill is paid. • Past participle used in the present perfect tense:He pagado la cuenta.I have paid the bill.

  16. Past participle used as an adjective:Las cuentasestánpagadas.The bills are paid. • Past participle used in the present perfect tense:Juan ha pagadolascuentas.Juan has paid the bills.

  17. The present perfect tense is frequently used for past actions that continue into the present, or continue to affect the present. • He estado dos semanas en Madrid.I have been in Madrid for two weeks. • Diego ha sido mi amigo porveinteaños.Diego has been my friend for 20 years.

  18. The present perfect tense is often used with the adverb "ya". • Yahancomido.They have already eaten. • La empleadaya ha limpiado la casa.The maid has already cleaned the house.

  19. The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. • To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber.

  20. (yo) No he comido.I have not eaten. • (tú) No has comido.You have not eaten. • (él) No ha comido.He has not eaten. • (nosotros) No hemoscomido.We have not eaten. • (vosotros) No habéiscomido.You-all have not eaten. • (ellos) No hancomido.They have not eaten.

  21. Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb. • Pablo le ha dado mucho dinero a suhermana.Pablo has given a lot of money to his sister.

  22. To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the indirect object pronoun (le). • Pablo no le ha dado mucho dinero a suhermana.Pablo has not given a lot of money to his sister.

  23. With reflexive verbs… • the reflexive pronoun is placed immedi • atedlybefore the auxiliary verb. • Me cepillo los dientes. (present)I brush my teeth. • Me he cepillado los dientes. (present perfect)I have brushed my teeth.

  24. To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the reflexive pronoun (me). • No me he cepillado los dientes.I have not brushed my teeth.

  25. Questions are formed …. • ¿Han salidoyalasmujeres?Have the women left yet? • ¿Has probado el chocolate algunavez?Have you ever tried chocolate?

  26. Here are the same sentences in negative form. • ¿No hansalidoyalasmujeres?Haven't the women left yet? • ¿No has probado el chocolate ningunavez?Haven't you ever tried chocolate?

  27. Ahora…probemos • Conjugación • Oraciones • Todojunto: positivo, negativo, interrogativo

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