Court Systems in America

1. Court Systems in America

2. TypesIn the American Judicial System, there are 2 types of courts Civil Criminal Adult Court 2. Juvenile Court 2 types of laws

3. Civil and Criminal Laws • Civil Laws – Deal with noncriminal issues – related to persons or things. • Criminal Laws – Deal with persons who break a law.

4. Adult Courts – Why? • Adult Court – set up for persons over a set age (usually 18)

5. Adult Civil Courts • Adult Civil courts want to: • Provide compensation – (a payment) monetary payment for damage caused by another person • Provide equity – (fairness) justice under the law

6. Adult Criminal Courts • Adult Criminal courts want to: • Make criminals suffer for breaking the law • Physically stop criminals from hurting anyone else • Convince criminals not to break the law again • Help them see what they did wrong and help them rehabilitate (change) their ways

7. Adult Procedures • Adults are arrested • They come in front of a judge • The judge decides whether to set bail or not • They go to court to be arraigned – plead guilty or not guilty • They go to trial • The judge or jury decides if they are guilty • If guilty the judge decides the punishment

8. Juvenile Courts – Why? • Juvenile Court – set up for persons under a set age (usually 18) • Goal is to rehabilitate – restore to useful life through treatment and education

9. Juvenile Courts • Juvenile courts want to: • Help youth avoid criminal behavior in the future • Treat and rehabilitate youth • Punish youthful lawbreakers.

10. Juvenile Procedures • Youth are arrested • Police decide whether to return them to their parents or hold them in juvenile hall If the youth is sent to juvenile hall Staff at juvenile hall will meet, review the evidence and decide if they will go to court or not

11. No Court Means: If they do NOT go to court, staff have 3 options: • Dismiss the charges • Give the youth probation • Refer the youth to a treatment program

12. Court Means If they DO go to court they will: • Have an initial hearing and decide if they will go home until their hearing or stay in detention • They will have a delinquency hearing (NOTatrial). • Judge decides if they are delinquent (failed to do what the law requires) or innocent • Judge decides the punishment

13. Punishment for a Delinquent • If you are found delinquent the judge can: • Give probation • Order counseling or drug treatment • Send to reform school • Order restitution – act of making up for the loss or damage

14. Juvenile Death Penalty Christopher Simmons committed murder at age 17 in Missouri. Napoleon Beazley committed murder at age 17 in Texas. They were both tried as adults and received death sentences. Christopher was raised in an alcoholic, dysfunctional family. His stepfather was psychologically and mentally abusive. Christopher had no previous criminal record. A psychologist found that he suffered from mental illness. Napoleon had never been arrested before the murder. He was senior class president, and was runner up for his high school's title of "most athletic." He was a regular church-goer and was highly regarded by its members. He had a reputation for being "polite, courteous, respectful, friendly and kind." Napoleon and Christopher both expressed remorse for their crimes. They were thought of as model prisoners. Christopher was white. Napoleon was black. On May 28, 2002, Napoleon was executed in Texas, while Christopher was granted a temporary stay of execution while the Missouri Supreme Court considered his case. Based on the reading above, answer the following questions. _____1. Both boys were the same age when they committed their crime. A. TRUE B. FALSE _____2. What were the boys found guilty of? A. Murder B. Robbery _____3. Both boys were raised in bad homes. A. TRUE B. FALSE _____4. Both boys were black. A. TRUE B. FALSE _____5. Both boys were executed for their crime. A. TRUE B. FALSE _____6. According to a psychologist, Christopher suffered from a mental illness. A. TRUE B. FALSE _____7. Napoleon had been convicted of several crimes. A. TRUE B. FALSE _____8. Who was executed first? A. Napoleon B. Christopher _____9. Which of the boys had the better social life? A. Napoleon B. Christopher _____10. Both boys were in trouble, even in prison. A. TRUE B. FALSE

15. Each state considers different ages appropriate for the death penalty. Review the handout “The Juvenile Death Penalty” and answer the following questions. _____1. How many age groups are listed? • 4 b. 3 c. 2 _____2. What is the youngest age for the death penalty? • 16 b. 17 c. 18 _____3. Which age is the least popular for the juvenile death penalty? • 16 b. 17 c. 18 _____4. What age does Alabama use for considering the death penalty? • 16 b. 17 c. 18 _____5. Do all states have the death penalty? • Yes b. No _____6. Does the US Military have a death penalty option? • Yes b. No _____7. Why are Dakota and Wyoming different from the other states on the list? • They have now signed bills to abolish the juvenile death penalty • They are located in the South • They have the most juveniles on death row _____8. What state has decided that the juvenile death penalty violated the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution? • Dakota b. Wyoming c. Missouri _____9. The information on this chart is based on what year? • 2009 b. 2005 c. 2004 _____10. What is the age for the death penalty in Washington DC? • 16 b. 17 c. NONE – they don’t have the death penalty

16. The Courtroom • The courtroom has assigned places in the room set for the people who are part of the case. Color and complete this diagram of a courtroom.