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Explore the different interventions in social medicine, including biological, behavioral, political, and structural strategies. Learn about the various tools and techniques used to promote health and prevent disease.
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Health interventionsCan social medicine actually do ANYTHING? Ozren Polašek
Interventionsinsocial medicine • Biologic – vaccines • Behavioral – individual, community • Political – lobbying and advocating • Structural – laws and regulations, norms
Biological strategies • Immunizations • Prophylaxis • Improved nutrition • Mother and child health programs • Microbicides • Improved sanitation • Improved water quality
Behavioural strategies • Promote lifestyle change • Focus people where they are available – schools and workplaces • Promote immunization programs and other interventions • TV, radio and media public health messages • Promote safe sexual behavior
Political strategies • Promote healthy, safe communities • Promote and enforce appropriate health laws and regulations • Promote universal access to health care, especially preventive care • Improve standard of living (e.g., housing) and reduce poverty
Basic intervention tools - Glossary • Needs assessment • Prevention • Harm reduction • Immunization and vaccination • Social anxiety
Needs assessment • Where we are and where do we want to be
Immunization. Vaccination • Immunization – a process of improving an individual’s immune system • Can be passive or active (vaccination) • Passive immunization – introduction of ready antibodies • Vaccination - admistration of antigenic materialto stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen
Vaccination • Prevent infection (HPV) • Prevent disease (Influenza) • Prevent transmission and protect community
Technical requirements • Must be safe* • Should be easy to administer (e.g., nasal spray, oral) • Must elicit a protective immune response • Must stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity • Must protect against all variants of the agent • Must provide long-lasting immunity • Must be practical to produce, transport and administer
Social anxiety as a tool • Useful, but… • Toolittle No action • Just as much Action • Toomany Panicand no action
Community intervention • Getting the community to recognize the problem • Getting the community to accept responsibility and implement change • Changing community norms (e.g., smoking, condoms)
10,001 Dalmatians • The Croatian Biobank • Research resource, but also a health intervention • People are invited and are free to accept the invite or reject it • Those who approach the site are offered a number of examinations (blood, urine, ECG, DEXA, spirometry, …)
Increasing participation • Postal invites • Radio appearance • Phone calls • Local newspapers • Direct contact - it’s free, oh great :-/ • Offered additional specialist exams (surgeon, ophtalmologist)
First fiasco • Sending out the laboratory results
… more ideas … • Retired people home • Invited NGOs • Approached informal groups • Leaflets, flyers • Asked friends and relatives for support
