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Muhammad Usman

Muhammad Usman. Presentation. Group Member Muhammad Usman TE 307-206 Muhammad Sohaib Amir TE307-202 Hasnan Badshah TE307-204. Introduction. A Hydro electric power station is used to supply electrical energy to consumer where water resources are available.

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Muhammad Usman

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  1. Muhammad Usman

  2. Presentation • Group Member Muhammad Usman TE 307-206 Muhammad Sohaib Amir TE307-202 Hasnan Badshah TE307-204

  3. Introduction • A Hydro electric power station is used to supply electrical energy to consumer where water resources are available. • This type of stations, however, can not be located any where. Firstly there must be ample quantity of water available at sufficient head; secondly a suitable site must be available. • The energy that can be produced depends upon the quantity of water available and the rate at which water is flowing

  4. Water Power • Water is the cheapest source of power . The energy of water utilized for hydro-power generation may be kinetic or potential. • Kinetic energy of water is Its energy in motion and is a function of mass and velocity while potential energy is a function of the difference in level of water between two points (called the head). • In either case continuous availability of water is a basic requirement. For this purpose water collected in natural lakes and reservoirs at high altitudes may be made use of or water may be artificially stored by constructing dams across flowing streams

  5. Selection Of Site For Hydro Power Plant

  6. Hydro Power Plants • The turbine and generator are connected to a vertical shaft. • The filtered water enters through the gate. • The water flow is controlled by the wicket gate. • The head (difference between the water levels) drives the water through the turbine and rotates the runner at a few hundred rpm.

  7. Schematic Arrangements Of Hydro Power Plants

  8. Elements Of Hydro Power Plants • Storage Reservoir: It is basic requirement of hydro power plant.Its purpose is to store water during excess flow Dam: The function of dam is to rise water surface of the stream to create an artificial head.

  9. Forebay: The forebay serves as a regulating reservoir storing water temprarily during lighting load pe Spillway: This is constructed to act as safety valve.

  10. Surge Tank: Surge tank work as small storage reservoir or tank for receiving the rejected flow and relieving the condit pipe of excessive water hammer pressure.

  11. Penstock: It is a closed conduit which connects the forebay or surg tank to the scroll case of turbine.

  12. Tail Race: The water after having done its useful work in theturbine is discharged to the tail race which may lead it to the same stream.

  13. Over View Hydro Power Plants

  14. Classification Of Hydro Power Plants According To Water Head Low Head Power Plants Medium Head Power Plants High Head Power Plants

  15. Less than 15 meter • Uses vertical shaft Francis turbines or Kaplan turbines Low head Power Plants:

  16. From 15 to 50 meters • Uses francis turbine • Forebey provided at the beginning of pen stock serves as the water reserviour. The forebay draws water from main reserviour through a canal or tunnel. Medium Head Power Plants:

  17. Above 50 meters • Surge tank is attached to penstock to reduce the water hammer effect on the pen stock • Pelton turbines are used in such power plants High Head Power Plants:

  18. Turbines Of Hydro Power Plants • Pelton Wheel Turbine: • Francis Turbine: • Kaplan Turbine:

  19. Pelton Wheel Turbine: Also called a free-jet turbine . Pelton turbines are suited to high head, low flow applications. Typically, to work this type of turbine, water is piped down a hillside so that at the lower end of the pipe it emerges from a narrow nozzle as a jet with very high velocity. The Pelton turbine can be controlled by adjusting the flow of water to the buckets .

  20. Francis Turbine: A type of hydropower reaction turbine that contains a runner that has water passages through it formed by curved vanes or blades. The runner blades, typically 9 to 19 in number, cannot be adjusted. As the water passes through the runner and over the curved surfaces, it causes rotation of the runner. The rotational motion is transmitted by a shaft to a generator

  21. Kaplan Turbine: Kaplan turbines are well suited to situations in which there is a low head and a large amount of discharge. The adjustable runner blades enable high efficiency even in the range of partial load, and there is little drop in efficiency due to head variation or load.

  22. Internal Parts Of Hydro Genrater

  23. Transmission Lines:

  24. Grid Station

  25. cost of transportation of plant starts quickly in short period of time and take up the load • It can be used as a base load or peak load power plant • Hydraulic turbines can be switched ON and OFF in very short interval of time • fuel No • Life of hydral power station is more than thermal power station • For Hydral power station life is about 50 years and for thermal power plant is 30 years • Hydral power Advantages:

  26. Advantages: • Reliability is high • Flood control is provided • Non skilled staff can operate the plant

  27. Disadvantages: • Civil work is involved which is very costly. There is huge initial investment. • Long period from foundation to complete construction usually 10-15 years • Hydro-electric sites are very far away from the load center so we need transmission lines which causes losses and increase in the cost • Uprooting of people is required to vacate the area • Construction of HPP will effect the vegetation • Ecology of the area is effected

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