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The Effect of Emotions on Running Performance Katie Read, Whitney Helton, & Saffron Redwine

The Effect of Emotions on Running Performance Katie Read, Whitney Helton, & Saffron Redwine. Introduction. Running affects emotion (Boecker et al ., 2008), but do emotions affect running? Emotions Positive Negative. Introduction. Positive emotions

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The Effect of Emotions on Running Performance Katie Read, Whitney Helton, & Saffron Redwine

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  1. The Effect of Emotions on Running PerformanceKatie Read, Whitney Helton, & Saffron Redwine

  2. Introduction • Running affects emotion (Boecker et al., 2008), but do emotions affect running? • Emotions • Positive • Negative

  3. Introduction • Positive emotions • Increased performance over neutral emotions (Ruiz, 2008) • Create a state of action readiness (Frijda, Kuipers, & Schure, 1989) • Negative Emotions • Linked with inactivity (Ben-Ze'ev, 2000)

  4. Hypothesis • Emotions will affect running performance • individuals who are happy will perform better than individuals who are sad.

  5. Methods • Materials • Equipment • Treadmill • Standard Television • DVD Player • Movie Clips • Clips from The Pursuit of Happyness (2006), directed by Gabriele Muccino • Happy Clips • Sad Clips • Questionnaire (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) • PANAS Scale (Positive and Negative Schedule): designed to measure emotions at the current moment • 20 items (10 positive and 10 negative)

  6. Methods • Participants • Obtained through a convenience sample • 24 participants (13 females & 11 males) • 92% Caucasian, 8% other • Ages 18-23 years old

  7. Methods • Procedure • Questionnaire (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) • PANAS Scale • Timed Treadmill Run • Told to find comfortable pace. Did before watching the movie clips, and again after watching the movie clips. • Movie Clips • Watched either happy or sad clip, depending upon condition.

  8. Results • Expected that happier individuals would perform better on the second run than sadder individuals. • Manipulation Check • a 2 (condition: happy or sad) by 2 (time: pre vs. post) mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated-measures on negative emotions and then on positive emotions was used • a 2 mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated-measures on average speed was used

  9. Negative Emotions • -happy condition experienced a marginally significant decrease in negative emotions between the first time and the second time they watched the movie clip,p = .056 • -sad condition showed an increase in negative emotions from, but this difference was not significant, p = .085

  10. Positive Emotions • -happy condition experienced a significant increase in positive emotions from before to after watching the movie clip,p = .021 • -sad condition experienced a significant decrease in positive emotions between before and after watching the movie clip, p = .007

  11. Effect of emotion on average speed Participants in the happy condition significantly increased their speed from the first time they ran (M= 6.717) to the second time they ran (M = 7.929), p = .053, while participants in the sad condition decreased their speed from the first time they ran (M= 8.687) to the second time they ran (M= 8.157) though not significantly, p = .380.

  12. Discussion • Limitations • Movie clips had a mixture of emotions particularly in the happy condition • PANAS scale’s negative emotions focused on fear, anxiety, and guilt, whereas we focused on sadness • Ruiz (2008) found that negative emotions could increase performance

  13. Discussion • Future Studies • Ask if participant has seen movie (Rottenberg, Ray, & Gross, 2007) • Study interaction with fear and anger (Ruiz, 2008) • Manipulation of emotions from movie clips should be more clear

  14. Discussion • Summary of results • Implications • To understand the relationship between emotions and performance • athletes can understand how to increase their performance based on positive emotions • Positive work environments can increase productivity (Park, Wilson, & Lee, 2004)   • Math performance can be improved with positive moods and emotions (Bryan & Bryan, 1991)

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