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Missing. 072 422 030 073 416 030 081 064 030 081 251 030 812 722 030 . Chapter 9 Misc. Ideation. Once you are all sitting comfortably I shall begin telling a tale. Finally a fairy tale.
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Missing 072 422 030 073 416 030 081 064 030 081 251 030 812 722 030
Chapter 9 Misc. Ideation Once you are all sitting comfortably I shall begin telling a tale
Finally a fairy tale • ‘There was a gnome who lived not far from a railway bridge. The bridge was a dark and damp place, and people said that a troll named Zeino lived under the bridge. The gnome was a happy- go-lucky fellow and every day he would go to market on the other side of the railway line. He would not pass under the bridge, however, because he was afraid of the troll. People said that the troll was a horrible creature who used to eat all his victims alive and spit their bones at passing railway trains.
Finally a fairy tale … • ‘One sunny morning the gnome set off for the market. He took a road through the woods which led him to a level crossing over the railway. In that way he avoided the need to pass under the bridge. As he walked along, the gnome whistled a happy tune and thought about all the nice things he would see at the market. Just as he was about to reach the end of the clearing he heard the sound of running feet behind him. Turning round, he saw the most beautiful young woman that can ever have lived. She had fair hair and blue eyes and cried out to him to stop.
Finally a fairy tale … • ‘“I am a fairy princess,” she cried. “Please help me find my way home from this dark wood.” • ‘The gnome stopped and said to the young woman: “Well, that is really very easy. All you have to do is follow me, for I am going to the market.” • ‘At that moment, Zeino the troll appeared from behind a tree. He bared his teeth and chuckled: • “Ah, ah! A gnome for dinner and a princess for supper. What a lucky troll am I!”
Finally a fairy tale … • ‘But the fairy princess waved her wand, and behold it became a fire-breathing dragon. With one deep breath the dragon burned the troll to a cinder, and the princess and the gnome lived happily ever after.’
‘What is the troll in our problem?’ • ‘Who is the gnome?’, • ‘What is the happy tune?’, • ‘Who is the princess?’, • ‘What is the fire-breathing dragon?’ • ‘What is the magic wand?’ and so on!
Miscellaneous IdeationGraphical & Non-graphical methods Bionics Two words
Miscellaneous Ideation …Graphical Methods • Mind mapping • Lotus blossom technique • Fishbone diagram • Vision building • Symbolic representation
Vision Building • A vision is a wish of what we want to happen • set and achieve goals • reinforce and re-orientate efforts • Ideas (on vision building) • Build up a ‘picture’ language • should evoke pleasant feelings • Examples of pictures for VB • people working or playing together, flowers • symbolizing happiness, stability, change • Stimulating- strange colors, unusual forms • Mixed- pictures of all kinds. Photographs …
Vision Building … • Relate the symbolism of whichever pictures take their fancy to their own organization. • Through subsequent group discussion in which they share their own experiences of the pictures, they are able to create a group vision for the company.
Symbolic Representation • A diagram or picture of a problem or situation with the use of symbols. Through free association another symbol prompted by the first one is inserted- • Each symbol is used as a stimulus • Rich Pictures • Pictures may be metaphors for the situation • Current and Future pictures • Describe picture with properties/attributes/drawing style • Example @ P185
Using rich pictures: how to get all staff to deal with complaints more effectively
Imagining • Highly creative people say that once they have an idea they attempt to make a clear and detailed picture of the final, implemented solution. • elaborate on it in your mind • Visualize it working in practice • Go through it over and over again
Suggestion box • Slow in generating ideas • Everyone contributes • Suggestion approval? • Quick and objective response! • Suggestion exhibits • For all to see! • Suggestion competitions • Posts on a wall chart in a public area. • Rewarding the best idea
Example: If the shoe fits, wear it. • Implications • Try a shoe before you buy it. • You buy a new shoe when your old ones are no longer fashionable or are worn out. • Buy a shoe which is of quality regardless of its price or label. • If a shoe does not fit, throw it away. • Interpretations • Make sure people will respond to the company’s needs by testing their suitability first. • Point out to people- they need to adapt to the changing needs of the times and that it is in their own best interest to do so. • Make sure that people adopt the new practices and then be prepared to pay the price whatever it costs to do so. • Sack people who are not co-operating and hire new personnel.
Storyboarding • Taking your thoughts along with the thoughts of others and spreading them out on a wall as you work on a project or solve a problem. • See interconnections • one idea relates to another • all the pieces come together • As ideas start flowing people ‘hitch-hike’ on others’ ideas. • Four major types: Planning, Ideas, Communication and Organization storyboards.
Scenario Writing • All members of a team of co-workers • With a leader/facilitator who (co-ordinates sessions final report) • Members (experts) are scenario writers • considering the developments in their area of expertise over the next 5–10 years- individually • Individuals can be given longer time to prepare (weeks) • Examine the situation collectively. • Find consensus Complex Problems
Cross-impact AnalysisEnvironmental Analysis • Examining the impact that a mixture of external threats and opportunities • Assessing the impact that changes or trends in these factors are likely to have on present, proposed or potential activities of the organization • Subjective opinions of executives • See textbook Page 190
Scenario Day-dreaming • Similar scenario writing • looks into the future and tries to assess the impact • less formal in its approach and no reports. • Take up only a couple of days • Ideal activity for an ‘away day’ venue • Purpose: stimulate people’s imaginations to think in the broader context and to consider more unusual ideas
SWOT Analysis And The TOWS Matrix • SWOT analysis is a technique specifically designed to help with the identification of suitable business strategies for an organization to follow. • In practice this is often an activity that is not carried out well. • Not to know what to do with the data generated. • TOWS matrix (Weihrich, 1982) presents a mechanism for facilitating linkages and presents a framework for identifying and formulating strategies.
Bionics • Special application of analogies and involves looking for stimulation in similar objects, products and processes. • Examining biological and botanical systems using the argument that Nature provides clues with regard to how to solve problems because it has itself solved many such problems. • Examples of where the method has resulted in useful applications include the Sidewinder heat- seeking missile (based on the temperature-sensing organs of a rattlesnake) and Velcro (based on the idea of burdock seeds which tend to cling to one’s clothes if blown into contact with them).
Two words • Employs forced relationships and related problem stimuli to generate ideas. • Stimuli are obtained by examining different combinations of alternative descriptions of two keywords in the problem statement. • Phrasing of the initial problem statement may be limited in terms of its ability to provoke certain types of idea. By restating the problem using alternative meanings the technique will provide new perspectives that will give rise to new ideas.
Free Association • One idea is used to generate another,which is then used to produce a third and so on. • Unstructured free association • Here ideas are listed as they naturally occur and where one idea then leads to another. It is very similar to classical brainstorming. • Structured free association • Here the procedure adopted attempts to increase the relevance of ideas to a problem.
Story Writing • Writing a highly imaginative Fictional story and then relating it to the problem in hand. • Story is then examined closely and major principles, themes, expressions, thoughts, objects,etc. are listed separately. • A long story or a very short story- richness • The routine • round-robin story • one person to write the story with the remainder of the group then working on its analysis and interpretation.
Mind Map • Mind mapping is a graphical means of taking or making notes. • flow charts and process diagrams • intuitive associations with notes, keywords, colours,codes and symbols • Software- Inspiration, Mind Maps Plus, Mind Mapper and Mindman
Gelb’s seven guidelines • Start the map by drawing a picture of the topic in the centre of the paper. • Use keywords. • Connect the words with lines radiating out from the central image. • Print the keywords. • Print one keyword per line. • Use colors, pictures and codes for emphasis. • Free-associate, then organize.
Lotus Blossom Technique • Starts with a central theme or problem and works outward, using ever-widening circles or ‘petals’. Central themes lead to ideas that themselves become central themes, and so on. The unfolding themes trigger new ideas and new themes.
Fish-bone Diagram • Depicts all possible causes contributing to a problem, or can be used as shown in the illustration to depict all factors relating to a problem or concept. The shape of the diagram resembles that of a fish-bone structure – hence its name.
Assignment- G-C9Do on your ownDo not submit Case: Strategy formulation with mind maps Case: Problem solving with symbols Case: Swiss railways – Virgin railways
