Download
1 / 12
120 likes | 490 Views
Indian Schools. Indian Schools. boarding schools established during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to educate Native American children and youth often started schools on reservations and founded boarding schools to provide opportunities for children who did not have schools nearby.
E N D
IndianSchools • boarding schools established during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to educate Native American children and youth • often started schools on reservations and founded boarding schools to provide opportunities for children who did not have schools nearby
IndianSchools • appearancechangeswithhaircuts • forbidden to speak their native languages • traditional names were replaced by new European-American names • often harsh, especially for younger children separated from their families • forced to abandon their Native American identities
IndianSchools • numerous tribal colleges and universities • largest boarding schools have closed • number of Native American children in boarding schools had declined to 9,500by 2007 • more Native Americans are living in urban environments and having to accommodate to majority culture.
IndianSchools • In 1634, Fr. Andrew White of the Society of Jesus established a mission in what is now the state of Maryland • "to extend civilization and instruction to his ignorant race, and show them the way to heaven." • In 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck,from the Wampanoaggraduate from Harvard
IndianSchools • Indian school in Hanover, New Hampshiregradually developed into Dartmouth College • Some of thereligiousmissionaires’ efforts were part of the progressive movement after the Civil War • missionaries founded additional schools with boarding facilities
IndianSchools • US Army officer Richard Henry Prattcame to believe that removing Indians from their native culture could result in their successful assimilation into the majority culture of the United States • vocationaltrainingforboys • domesticscienceforgirls
Indianschools • They also produced a newspaper • had a well-regarded chorus and orchestra • developedsportsprograms • by 1902 there were 25 federally funded non-reservation schools in 15 states and territories, with a total enrollment of over 6,000 students. Federal legislation required Native American children to be educated
Indianschools • students were given short haircuts (a source of shame for boys of many tribes), and English names; sometimes based on their own, other times assigned at random, and sometimes children chose new names. • were not allowed to speak their own languages, even between each other, andwere expected to attend church services and encouraged to convert to Christianity.
Indianschools • The Meriam Report, officially titled The Problem of Indian Administration, was submitted February 21, 1928 to the Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work • many Indian schools closed in the 1980s and early 1990s. By 2007, 9,500 American Indian children were in Indian boarding school dormitories. This includes those in 45 on-reservation boarding schools, 7 off-reservation boarding schools, and 14 peripheral dormitories
Indianschools • A similar system in Canada was known as the Canadian Indian residential school system • Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a 3,600-word formal apology to First Nation, Métis and Inuit people for the legacy of Indian Residential Schools, which he called a "sad chapter in our history."
Indianschools "Our first thoughts today are for our elders, many of them have suffered life-long physical and emotional pain because of their residential school experiences.„ (The Anishinabek Nation Grand Council Chief John Beaucage)
