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空间宇宙线和高能伽玛射线探测 w ith the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard

空间宇宙线和高能伽玛射线探测 w ith the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard China’s Space Station. Shuang-Nan Zhang ( 张双南 ) zhangsn@ihep.ac.cn Center for Particle Astrophysics 粒子天体物理中心 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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空间宇宙线和高能伽玛射线探测 w ith the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard

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  1. 空间宇宙线和高能伽玛射线探测 with the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard China’s Space Station Shuang-Nan Zhang (张双南) zhangsn@ihep.ac.cn Center for Particle Astrophysics 粒子天体物理中心 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

  2. China’s Space Station Program HERD 2020 Space Station 3 large modules ~ 60 tons ~10-year lifetime Phase -II HERD 2016 Space lab: no living cabin Phase -II POLAR 2011 10 astronauts in 5 flights  space walk Phase -I 2003

  3. background Gamma-ray HERD electron proton He Dark matter particle 3/35

  4. HERD: High Energycosmic-Radiation Detector Secondary science: γ-ray astronomy  monitoring of GRBs, microquasars, Blazars and other transients  down to 100 MeV for γ -rays  plastic scintillator shields for γ -ray selection *complementary to high altitude cosmic-ray observations

  5. HERD Cosmic Ray Capability Requirement P (<A>~ 1) He (<A>~ 4) L (<A>~ 8) M (<A>~ 14) H (<A>~ 25) VH (<A>~ 35) Fe (<A>~ 56) Model 2 Heavy Model Model 1 Light model PeV PeV Except for L, up to PeV spectra feasible with GF~2-3 in ~years: discriminate between models. Detection limit: N = 10 events PeV PeV N(E>E0; 2 yr) HERD HERD TeV TeV

  6. HERD基线设计：3维量能器5面灵敏 HERD比国内外类似实验性能提高几十倍，但是重量是国际空间站AMS的~1/3，只比其它实验略重 顶面STK(钨板+硅微条) 电荷探测 宇宙线成分甄别 伽玛径迹探测 CALO量能器 电子/伽玛能量测量 宇宙线核子能量测量 电子/质子鉴别 侧面STK(钨板+硅微条)

  7. HERD初步方案设计 载荷总重量约2300 kg，总包络尺寸为1510×1480×1580 mm3，总电子学路数约45万路，总功耗约1430W。

  8. Characteristics of all components HERD+ design: 5 sides with the same trackers  total weight ~2800 kg  an half-open-bay vehicle needed and will be available for HERD.

  9. Expected performance of HERD

  10. 各空间实验主要性能参数对比 HERD比国内外类似实验性能提高几十倍，但是重量是AMS的1/4-1/3，只比其它实验略重

  11. Other detectors: Top down  “small” FoV 暗物质粒子卫星 2015 ISS-AMS: 2011 ISS-CALET: 2015 ISS-CREAM: 2015

  12. Simulation results: energy resolutions Protons Electrons Electron < 1%; Proton: ~20% Essential for spectral features!

  13. Energy Resolution for gamma-rays 500 MeV-100 GeV result

  14. HERD Eff. Geometrical Factor: CALO All five sides All five sides

  15. HERD sensitivity to gamma-ray line HERD 1 yr PAMELA: 2006-2016 CALET: 2015-2020; AMS: 2011-2021; DAMPE: 2015-2020; Fermi:2008-2018; HERD: 2020-2021

  16. DM annihilation line of HERD

  17. Expected HERD Proton and He Spectra Horandelmodel as HERD input Only statistical error Protons He

  18. Expected HERD Spectra of C and Fe C Fe

  19. Gamma-ray Sky Survey Sensitivity Narrow FoV

  20. 量能器读出方案

  21. 闪烁体信号读出方案 • WLSF将LYSO晶体闪烁光子引出 • 光纤输出至ICCD系统 晶体封装 光纤缠绕 像增强器 ICCD系统 光锥

  22. HERD关键技术攻关 • 高能所进行光纤耦合和晶体封装方式研究、晶体性能研究、方案初步验证、量能器整体设计方案研究等 • 进行光纤性能研究、晶体－光纤单元光输出研究 • CsI(Na)阵列+ICCD的宇宙线测试装置 • LYSO晶体基本性质测试 • 正在利用所内E2束线进行晶体发光线性测量 2×2×6 CsI颗粒阵列（光纤引出） 上下各为一符合探测器 典型宇宙线事例的ICCD图像

  23. Signal Readout: Two Types of Coupling Taper Relay Lens Weight: ~120 kg, Size: 450×450×670 (mm) ----4 units Size: 600(L) x 460(W) x 350(H)mm Weight: 50Kg --- 4 units

  24. Relay Lens Tests • Performance Characteristics of Principle Prototype : • 512×512 back illuminated CCD; • Adjustable CCD gain and MCP gain ; • Fame rate : 280 frame/second; • External trigger mode

  25. Taper Coupling Tests 25

  26. Requirement of dynamic range • Simulation  dynamic range of 106 • Crystal’s linearity is OK: To be verified in BEPC beam test • Image intensifier: ~ 104 • CCD: FWC/sqrt(ENC) < 104 (FWC=full well charge) • 2 outputs with different energy ranges from crystals • Option 1: 2 fibers on the surface of crystals • Option 2: Fiber splitter outside the calorimeter

  27. 计划2015年1/20样机CERN束流试验 • CERN/SPS束流，H2、H4、H8适合HERD使用 • 原初注入质子，打靶产生次级粒子，经过多极磁体对能量挑选 • 动量范围：质子 10 – 400 GeV/c；电子 5 – 300GeV/c • ~1分钟一个束团，每个束团持续8秒

  28. 1st HERD workshop, Oct.17-18, 2012, IHEP, Beijing

  29. 2nd HERD Workshop @IHEP 2013/12/2-3

  30. The HERD Proto-Collaboration Team • Chinese institutions (more welcome!) • Institute of High Energy Physics, Purple Mountain Observatory, Xi’an Institute of Optical and Precision Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Nanjing University, Peking University, Yunnan University, China University of Geosciences, Ningbo University, Guangxi University • International institutions (more welcome!) • Switzerland: University of Geneva • Italy: Universitàdi Pisa/INFN, IAPS/INAF, University of Florence/INFN, University of Perugia/INFN, University of Trento/INFN, University of Bari/INFN • Sweden: KTH • USA: MIT/Harvard

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