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The Russian Revolution pt. I From Czar Nicholas II to Lenin

The Russian Revolution pt. I From Czar Nicholas II to Lenin. Very similar to the Estate System in France before their Revolution Other European Countries considered Russia to be backwards both politically and economically 1. Peasants 90% of population, Majority were serfs

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The Russian Revolution pt. I From Czar Nicholas II to Lenin

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  1. The Russian Revolution pt. IFrom Czar Nicholas II to Lenin

  2. Very similar to the Estate System in France before their Revolution Other European Countries considered Russia to be backwards both politically and economically 1. Peasants 90% of population, Majority were serfs Could not own land, No legal rights, Could not travel freely, Taxed heavily 2. Intellectuals Very small class of people Well educated Wanted to improve Russia Social Structure of Czarist Russia

  3. Social Structure of Czarist Russia • Clergy • Russian Orthodox Church (Christian) • Many different ranks among leaders Priests, bishops, archbishops • Nobility • 1% of population • Controlled the land and wealth of Russia • Lived and dressed extravagantly • Included the Czar (King) of Russia

  4. Czarist Russia to the Soviet Union • There were actually two revolutions in Russia before it became a Communist country • Since the Age of Enlightenment, the Russian people had seen the world around them change from Absolute Monarchies to Limited Governments • By 1905, the Intellectuals had had it with the Czar Nicholas II’s regime.

  5. The Revolution of 1905 • Bloody Sunday- During a huge protest against the Czar, hundreds of unarmed Russians were shot dead by Czarist troops • Russian Workers responded with a nationwide strike and refused to work • Czar Nicholas was forced to sign the October Manifesto, creating a democratically elected parliament called the Duma • Czar Nicholas would not cooperate with the Duma and assumed total control over the political and economic affairs of Russia and its people • The Revolution of 1905 had failed.

  6. World War One and Russia • By 1914, Russia formed an alliance with England and France against Germany • Because Germany had industrialized, its military was far more powerful than Russia’s, an unindustrialized country • Russia suffered devastating losses at the hands of the Germans along the Eastern Front • Russia was forced to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which gave land to Germany and formally declared the surrender of Russia in WWI.

  7. The February Revolution of 1917 • The Russian people were very bitter over the failure of the Czar in WWI • He was seen as completely out of touch with the struggles of post-WWI Russia and its effect on the people • With the lack of basic needs like food and shelter, people began to rise up across Russia against the government • By February of 1917, nearly every industrial complex had been shut down because of striking workers and soldiers

  8. The February Revolution of 1917 • Under enormous pressure from the Duma and his advisors, Nicholas II was forced to abdicate his throne in March, ending the 300 year Romanov dynasty. • A provisional government was set up under the direction of Alexander Kerensky • Kerensky promoted many democratic ideals such as Freedom of Speech but he could not win the support of the Russian Workers who were a growing political party called the Bolsheviks

  9. The October Revolution of 1917 • Vladimir Lenin was a strong believer in Karl Marx’s economic theory of Communism • Believing that the workers (have-nots) would rise up against the elites (haves), Lenin felt that Russia was ripe for this type of transition • In a coordinated effort, Lenin and the Bolsheviks successfully overthrew the Kerensky government in October. • Lenin replaced the Duma with local councils of workers and peasants called Soviets

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