How would you classify the things found in a closet or a garage or a classroom?

1. How would you classify the things found in a closet or a garage or a classroom? • Must be ½ page • Name and Date!!

2. TAXONOMY Let’s Have Some Order Around Here!

3. TAXONOMY – the classifying of organisms and assigning each a name. …NOT to be confused with this…

4. Why Classify? TAXONOMY – the classifying of organisms and assigning each a name. • In order to name and group organisms in a logical manner **It’s a kitty!!!** It is a cougar. Puma concolor

5. Who decided? And How? Grouped based on where they live? Based on what their reproductive organs look like (plants)? Should it be a long name? Should it be a Latin name? WILD BRIAR ROSE Rosa sylvestris inodora seu canina Rosa sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro......

6. Carl Linnaeus We needed a hero… aka Carolus Linnaeus aka Carl von Linne aka Carl • Binomial Nomenclature- two word naming system, the genus and species • Always typed in italics • Underlined when written http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html

7. The biologists around the world now accept this binomial (two names) system of scientific names! Rosa canina Rosa canina Rosa canina

8. Ursusmaritimus Ursusarctos When written or typed the Genus is always Capitalized and the species is not

9. LINNEAUS’ CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • Kids • Playing • Catch • On • Freeways • Go • Splat

10. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOMAnimalia PHYLUMChordata CLASSMammalia ORDERCarnivora FAMILYUrsidae GENUS Ursus SPECIESUrsusarctos

11. Domains- the three largest groups of living organisms • Eukarya • Archaea • Bacteria PROKARYOTES thought to be one group BUT BIG Difference in these domains All three of these have cells with very different characteristics. What puts an organism in its domain are the CHARACTERISTICS of its CELLS.

12. 3 Domain System Domains

13. Still kept the 6 Kingdom System… • Animalia • Plantae • Fungi • Protista • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria BIGGEST KINGDOM = Most diverse and has most organisms in it

14. Kingdoms and Domains Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Now Biologists classify KINGDOMS under their appropriate DOMAIN based on characteristics of the CELLS they are made up of. HINT: THIS IS ON PAGE 459.

15. Dichotomous Key • A tool for biologists to classify and name organisms. • A series of paired statements that describe characteristics of different organisms. • Used by ecologists to track the population size and diversity of an ecosystem. • Environmental scientists can use this data to analyze the health of the ecosystems in the area.

16. Using a Dichotomous Key • Study the paired statements of the leaf dichotomous key. • Label each leaf with a partner using the dichotomous key. Try it on your own… • Look at the list of paired statements in the salamander dichotomous key. • Use the key to fill out data table 1 and answer the questions. When you are done hand it in.

17. Constructing a dichotomous key Bellwort Arrowhead Clover May Apple Violet Trillium

18. CHALLENGE: