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CHAPTER FOUR CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

CHAPTER FOUR CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. STRATEGY MAPS Kaplan/Norton 2004.3.22 李以青. Industry Era - 工業時代. 策略→產品導向 – “If we build it, they will come.” 成功要素 有效率的作業流程管理→在顧客可以負擔的價格下產生誘人的利潤 成本管理 經濟規模 品質 產品創新→擴大市場佔有率及收入 顧客管理的重點:交易 transaction → 行銷、販售 顧客關係的建立並非優先處理的事項.

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CHAPTER FOUR CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

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  1. CHAPTER FOURCUSTOMER MANAGEMENT PROCESSES STRATEGY MAPS Kaplan/Norton 2004.3.22 李以青

  2. Industry Era - 工業時代 • 策略→產品導向 – “If we build it, they will come.” • 成功要素 • 有效率的作業流程管理→在顧客可以負擔的價格下產生誘人的利潤 • 成本管理 • 經濟規模 • 品質 • 產品創新→擴大市場佔有率及收入 • 顧客管理的重點:交易transaction→行銷、販售 • 顧客關係的建立並非優先處理的事項

  3. New Economy – 新經濟 • 強調顧客關係的重要性,但是作業流程管理與產品創新仍然是成功的要素。 • 電腦、通訊技術、網際網路以及資料庫軟體之發展已經將權力的平衡從製造者轉移至消費者。→消費者主導市場 • 提供客製化的服務 • 在網路上發表對產品的感想 • 顧客管理的流程不再只有“產生交易”,必須進一步協助企業爭取、保有目標顧客並與目標顧客發展長遠且為企業帶來利潤的關係。

  4. Customer Management Processes • Selection • Acquisition • Retention • Growth Operational Management Processes Regulatory and Social Processes • Environment • Safety and Health • Employment • Community Innovation Processes • Opportunity ID • R&D Portfolio • Design/Develop • Launch • Supply • Production • Distribution • Risk Management Figure 4-1 Customer Service Productivity Strategy Long-Term Shareholder Value Growth Strategy Financial Perspective Improve Cost Structure Increase Asset Utilization Expand Revenue Opportunities Enhance Customer Value Customer Value Proposition Customer Perspective Price Quality Availability Selection Functionality Service Partnership Brand Product / Service Attributes Relationships Image Internal Perspective Human Capital Learning and Growth Perspective Information Capital Organization Capital Culture Leadership Alignment Teamwork Strategy Maps Kaplan/Norton P.106

  5. 顧客管理的四個流程 • 選擇顧客 Select Customers • 爭取顧客 Acquire Customers • 保有顧客 Retain Customers • 發展顧客關係 Grow relationships with customer 顧客關係管理必須包含以上所有流程之執行 一般企業多疏忽“選擇顧客”與“保有顧客”

  6. Figure 4-2 Customer Management Processes Productivity Strategy Long-Term Shareholder Value Growth Strategy Financial Perspective Expand Revenue Opportunities Enhance Customer Value Improve Sales Productivity Customer Value Proposition Customer Perspective Price Quality Availability Selection Functionality Service Partnership Brand Product / Service Attributes Relationships Image Customer Selection Customer Acquisition Customer Growth Customer Retention Internal Perspective • Understandsegments • Screen unprofitablecustomers • Target high-valuecustomers • Manage the brand • Communicate valueproposition • Customize massmarketing • Acquire/convertleads • Develop dealernetworks • Premium customerservice • “Sole source”partnerships • Service excellence • Lifetime customers • Cross-selling • Solution selling • Partnership/integratedmanagement • Customereducation Strategy Maps Kaplan/Norton P.108

  7. 選擇顧客 Customer Selection • 首先,按照特性characteristics與喜好preference,將市場劃分成區塊 • 選擇目標顧客,創造獨特unique且可辯護defensible的價值主張value proposition • 不同顧客所帶來的利潤差異很大 → 確認投資在最能獲利的機會中 • 執行者應花費同等的時間與精力在選擇及投資目標顧客,如同選擇與投資資產、廠房、及設備。 • 避免嘗試成為所有可能顧客的最佳供應者

  8. 顧客區塊劃分 Customer Segmentation 顧客區塊劃分應該以顧客價值主張為基礎 • 區塊劃分方式舉例: • 使用強度use intensity:Heavy、light、none • 想要獲得的好處:價格、服務、表現、關係、品牌辨識度 • 忠誠度:無、普通、強烈、死忠committed • 態度:不滿意、滿意、愉悅delighted 顧客想要從產品或服務中獲得的好處

  9. 顧客區塊劃分 Customer Segmentation • 例如: • 人口學因素Demographic factor:年齡、收入、財產、性別、職業、種族 • 地理因素:國家、地區、城市、鄉下 • 生活型態:Value-oriented、luxury-oriented 因為顧客喜好難以直接觀察,因此通常以較易觀察到的特性取代。

  10. 顧客區塊劃分 Customer Segmentation • Statistical techniques: • Cluster analysis – identifying homogenous customer segments • Conjoint analysis – measuring customer preferences and needs • Discriminant analysis – separating customers into distinct segments 此種取代當然僅有在這些易觀察的特性與顧客的喜好有直接相關的時候才有價值

  11. 選擇目標區塊 Select targeted segments • case 企業選擇的顧客會影響企業的能力;相對的,企業的資源、能力、策略也會決定其最佳顧客。 在典型的流程中,企業的策略會影響對顧客的選擇。

  12. 目標 了解顧客區塊劃分 篩選不會帶來利潤的顧客unprofitable customer 目標對準高價值的顧客 品牌管理 測量指標 各區塊貢獻的利潤 目標區塊的市場佔有率 不會帶來利潤的顧客比例 Number of Strategic accounts 顧客調查:Brand awareness and preferences 選擇顧客之目標與測量指標

  13. 爭取顧客 Customer Acquisition 爭取顧客是顧客管理中最困難且最昂貴的流程 →與經過選擇之新目標顧客溝通價值主張 • 使用入門產品(犧牲品、優惠折扣商品)與顧客建立關係 • Inexpensive enough • 產品解決問題的方式,在顧客心目中留下深刻印象 • 品質完美無瑕 – 避免顧客在首次購買就遇到問題 • 產品可以因為增購公司的其他產品或是服務,產生升級的效果 • Case

  14. 目標 溝通價值主張 Customize mass marketing 爭取新客戶 發展和經銷商之間的關係 爭取顧客之目標與測量指標 • 測量指標 • Brand awareness (survey) • 顧客對於活動的反應狀況 • 在行銷活動中試用產品的顧客數 • 變成活動顧客的比例 • 爭取每個新顧客的成本 • 預估爭取到的新顧客未來一生中所創造的價值 • 經銷商計分卡 • 經銷商調查回饋

  15. 保有顧客 Customer Retention • 保有顧客比持續加入新顧客來代替老顧客花費便宜很多 • 忠實顧客因為肯定品牌的品質與服務,不在乎花多一點點的價錢。 • 他們甚少換品牌,因此競爭者需要加大折扣的幅度才可以吸引他們的注意。 • 持續傳送基本的價值主張 • 服務品質保證 • 設立客服中心回應顧客的需求:訂貨、產品運送、問題解決、提供資訊等

  16. 保有顧客 Customer Retention 比Customer loyalty更有價值的 - Customer commitment • 向其他人推薦他對公司的產品或服務感到滿意 • 若是對公司有不滿意的地方,會將問題反映給公司,使公司有機會改進,而不是叛逃向競爭者。 • 測量方式: • 顧客提出的建議數 • 老顧客推介之人數 • 經過老顧客推介後確實成為新顧客之人數

  17. 保有顧客 Customer Retention Customer apostles (使徒、提倡者)- 高度值得信賴且權威的committed customer • Wal-Mart’s推薦 vs 雜貨店推薦 • Toyota認可 – 低成本、零缺陷、交貨迅速 Customer owner - 讓顧客參與新產品的設計、推薦提昇服務的方式 apostles以及owners所創造的終身價值比大量沒有能力延攬新顧客或是提供有效建議的忠實顧客更多 case

  18. 目標 提供頂級顧客服務 創造具加值效果的伙伴關係 保有顧客之目標與測量指標 • 測量指標 • 頂級顧客的人數 • 頂級顧客對品質的評價 • 解決顧客問題或是抱怨所需要的時間 • 顧客的要求無法在初次回應達到使顧客滿意的比例 • 單一來源合約產生的金額及其佔收入比例

  19. 保有顧客之目標與測量指標 • 目標 • 提供優質服務 • 創造高忠誠度的顧客 • 測量指標 • 服務層次Service levels, by channel • 各種類目顧客的花費數 • 介紹新顧客之數量 • 既有顧客介紹之新顧客人數 • Apostle customers的見證數 • 忠實顧客對提昇產品及服務的建議數

  20. 發展顧客關係與價值 Customer Growth 顧客管理流程的終極目標-增加顧客的價值 用入門商品獲得新顧客後,提供顧客其他更高利潤的產品來擴展顧客的終身價值 • Cross-sell:在貨物售出後,提供加值的特色及服務。 • Partner:針對目標顧客的需求發展specific solutions。 • case

  21. 發展顧客關係與價值之目標與測量指標 • 測量指標 • 每顧客使用產品數 • 高於入門產品之商品所產生之利潤 • 共同發展服務協議之數量 • 售後服務產生之收入/利潤 • 可提供附加價值服務之數量 • 單一來源合約數量 • 利益共享協議數量 • 利益共享協議帶來的收入 • 花在顧客身上的時間 • 目標 • Cross-sell customers • Solution selling • 與顧客建立伙伴關係

  22. Figure 4-3 Case Marine Engineering Increase Shareholder Value Financial Perspective Improve Productivity Increase customer value Build the Franchise Revenue fromIntegrated Products Customer Value Proposition Lower Life-CycleProduct Cost $/bbl SeamlessProfessionalManagement Shared Goals and Rewards Image of aSystems Integrator Customer Perspective Relationships Product Attributes Image Selection Acquisition Retention Growth Focus Only onStrategicAccounts EducateStrategic Accountson Gain-SharingPartnership Create“Sole Source” Partnerships Create IntegratedManagementSystem Objective Internal Perspective • # strategic accounts • # no-bid decisions • Proposal successrate • % revenue fromsole sourcecontracts • New managementsystem availability Measure

  23. Figure 4-4 Case : Metro Bank Increase Shareholder Value Financial Perspective Improve Productivity Increase customer value Build the Franchise Grow LendingIncome Grow NonlendingIncome Customer Value Proposition Provide TailoredFinancial Solutions Value-Priced SuperiorCustomer Service KnowledgeableSolutions Trusted Adviser Customer Perspective Relationships Product / Service Attributes Image Selection Acquisition Retention Growth Identify,Upgrade, or ExitUnprofitableAccounts Grow and RetainHigh-valueCustomers (HVC) ProvidePremium Serviceto Retain HVCs Broaden theRelationship withHVCs Objective Internal Perspective • % unprofitablecustomers • # HVC leads(campaignresponse rate) • Lead conversionrate • HVC requestfulfillment time • # top 10 customer-identified issuesresolved • Hours spent withHVCs • % HVCs with > 3products Measure

  24. Figure 4-5 Case : Acme Chemicals Increase Shareholder Value Financial Perspective Improve Productivity Increase Customer Value Build the Franchise Improve SalesProductivity Increase Revenueper Customer Revenue from NewProducts and Customers Customer Value Proposition CompetitiveProduct Portfolio Negotiated ValuePricing Leading-EdgeServices Win-WinPartnership Customer Perspective Product / Service Attributes Relationships Selection* Acquisition* Retention* Growth* UnderstandMarketSegments Best-in-ClassFranchise /DistributionTeams Excel atCustomer Interaction SeamlessIntegration withCustomersValue Chain Objective Internal Perspective • Market share • Customerprofitability • Distribution reportcard • Distributorsatisfaction • Customer reportcard • # projects involvingchemical andpharmaceuticalexpertise Measure

  25. 與顧客構面之連結 顧客價值主張 品牌形象 顧客關係 選擇顧客 獲得顧客 保有顧客 顧客成長

  26. Cases

  27. 顧客構面之目標與測量指標 • 目標 • 透過誘人的價值主張提昇顧客滿意度 • 提昇顧客忠誠度 • 創造瘋狂追星族 • 測量指標 • 非常滿意之顧客比例 • 顧客保有狀況 • 顧客關係深度 • 顧客介紹產生生意之比例

  28. 與財務構面之連結 顧客價值主張 品牌形象 顧客關係 選擇顧客 獲得顧客 保有顧客 顧客成長 創造新的收入來源 增加顧客價值

  29. 財務構面之目標與測量指標 • 目標 • 創造新的收入來源 • 增加每位顧客的收入 • 增加顧客獲利率 • 降低銷售成本 • 測量指標 • 來自新顧客的收入 • 來自新產品、新服務的收入 • 顧客支出佔率 • 顧客獲利能力 • 未創造利潤之顧客比例 • 銷售支出/總收入 • 各種不同管道之銷售成本 • 使用電子交易之顧客比例

  30. 與學習成長構面之連結 有效的顧客管理流程需要以下支持:員工能力、資訊系統、組織文化氣候 • Human Capital 新能力 • 資料庫行銷、data mining、顧客分析、call centers、customer interaction center、網頁設計

  31. Human Capital - 各個流程所需的能力

  32. Information Capital 資訊技術以及相關的分析技術 (data mining、activity-based customer profitability measurement)使組織得以提供客製化、個人化的服務 • Land’s End – 寄不同的目錄給不同顧客區塊的顧客 • 1-800-Flower.com – 自動提醒顧客重要日期 • Amazon.com – 監測個人購買狀況並推薦與顧客購買書籍類似的書籍,以及同類型顧客購買的書籍

  33. Information Capital

  34. Organization Capital 顧客管理流程需要新的組織氣候 – 以顧客為中心,不再以產品為導向。 • Teamwork - 分享同樣的資訊、朝相同目標邁進 • Salesperson – 進行交易 • Solutions engineer, relationship partner – 設計產品、服務之portfolio • Call center – 提供follow-up

  35. 學習與成長構面之目標與測量指標 人力資本 資訊資本 • 目標 • 發展策略競爭力 • 吸引並保有傑出的人才 • 發展顧客管理資訊系統 • 增加知識分享 • 測量指標 • Human capital readiness • Turnover of key personnel • Customer application portfolio readiness • 擴展知識管理系統之使用

  36. 學習與成長構面之目標與測量指標 組織資本 • 目標 • 建立以顧客為中心的文化 • 建立個人目標一致性 • 測量指標 • Employee culture survey • Percent of employee objectives linked to BSC customer process and outcome measures

  37. Figure 4-6 Learning and Growth Strategies for Customer Management Customer Selection Customer Acquisition Customer Retention Customer Growth • Understandsegments • Screen unprofitablecustomers • Target high-valuecustomers • Manage the brand • Communicate valueproposition • Customize massmarketing • Acquire/convertleads • Develop dealernetworks • Premium customerservice • “Sole source”partnerships • Service excellence • Lifetime customers • Cross-selling • Solution selling • Partnership/integratedmanagement • Customereducation Internal Perspective Learning and Growth Perspective • Market research • Profitability analysis • Market communication • Customer database • Customer analysis • E-polling/sampling • Profitability analysis • Customer-focusedculture • Personal goalalignment • Best-practice sharing • Telemarketing • Product line knowledge • Customer communication • Partner management • Database marketing • Lead management • Sales force automation • Web site design • Customer-focusedculture • Personal goalalignment • Best-practice sharing • Call center protocols • Product lineknowledge • Problem resolution • Customer feedback • Customer interactioncenter • Problem trackingsystem • Order managementsystem • Customer-focusedculture • Personal goalalignment • Best-practice sharing • Consultative salesskills • Customer/industryknowledge • Product lineknowledge • Customer informationfeedback • Portfolio planningmodels • Integrated ordermanagement • Customer-focusedculture • Personal goalalignment • Best-practice sharing Human Capital Information Capital Organization Capital

  38. Summary • 任何策略的基本要件 - 了解吸引顧客並保有顧客的價值主張。 • Figure 4-7

  39. Figure 4-7 Customer Management Scorecard Template Perspective Objective Measures Financial • Create new sources of revenue • Increase revenue per customer • Increase customer profitability • Improve sales productivity • Revenue from new customers • Share of wallet • Profits per customer (ABC) • Cost of sales (by channel) Customer • Increase customer satisfaction(with value proposition) • Increase customer loyalty • Create raving fans • % customers highly satisfied • Customer retention • Depth of relationship • % business from customer referrals Selection • Understand segments • Screen unprofitable customers • Target high-value customers • Manage the brand • Contribution by segment • % unprofitable customers • # strategic accounts • Brand awareness/preference Acquisition • Communicate value proposition • Customize mass marketing • Acquire/convert leads • Develop dealer networks • Brand awareness • Campaign response rate • # leads/conversion rate • Dealer quality rate Internal Process Retention • Premium customer service • “Sole source” partnerships • Service excellence • Lifetime customers • # premium customers • % revenue from sole source • Service levels (by channel) • Customer lifetime value Growth • Cross-selling • Solution selling • Partnership/integrated management • Customer education • # products per customer • # jointly developed service agreements • #/$ from gain-sharing agreements • Hours with customer Human Capital • Develop strategic competencies • Attract and retain top talent • Human capital readiness • Key employee turnover Learning And Growth Information Capital • Develop strategic CRM portfolio • Increase knowledge sharing • Application portfolio readiness • # customer KMS hits/employee Organization Capital • Create customer-focused culture • Create personal goal alignment • Customer survey • Employee objectives linked to BSC

  40. 敬請指教

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