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Mythology

Discover the fascinating world of mythology and its role in ancient civilizations. Learn about gods, heroes, and the myths that shaped cultural beliefs. Explore the origins of constellations, Greek mythology, and the epic poems of Homer. Uncover the universal Hero's Journey in heroic tales.

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Mythology

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  1. Mythology Cultural stories and shared knowledge

  2. What is mythology? • In your small groups, write down everything you know about mythology…

  3. My·thol·o·gy • 1a) A collection of myths about the origin and history of a people and their deities (Gods), ancestors, or heroes. • 1 b) A body of myths concerning some individual, event, or institution. • 2. The field of scholarship dealing with the systematic collection and study of myths.

  4. Mythology • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OoRzxhmgLGg

  5. More simply put… • Myths were early accounts to explain the role and function of ancient gods, the origins of humankind, and the state of the world and all that’s in it. • Mythology has a wealth of information to help people understand the belief systems of people who inhabited ancient civilizations. • Knowledge of myths allows people to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for literature and art from ancient time periods.

  6. Myths existed all over the world • Western • Eastern • Indigenous

  7. Constellations… • What are constellations? • Many myths explain the stories behind these groups of stars in the sky and how they came to be

  8. Greek Myth: Cassopoeia • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAmJjvq27T4

  9. Greek Mythology • Homer’s writing was viewed like a guide or Bible for the people • At this time, Greeks were polytheistic meaning they believed in many gods and goddesses that governed every aspect of life and nature • See handout

  10. The Iliad • Estimated publication date was during the 762 A.D. • “The story covered by “The Iliad” begins nearly ten years into the seige of Troy by the Greek forces, led by Agamemnon, King of Mycenae. The Greeks are quarrellingabout whether or not to returnChryseis, a Trojan captive of King Agamemnon, to her father, Chryses, a priest of Apollo.” (https://tinyurl.com/y9f423yy) • Iliad, epic poem in 24 books traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. It takes the Trojan War as its subject, though the Greek warrior Achilles is its primary focus.

  11. The Odyssey • Estimated publication date was during the late 7th century A.D. • Odyssey, epic poem in 24 books traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. The poem is the story of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who wanders for 10 years (although the action of the poem covers only the final six weeks) trying to get home after the Trojan War. On his return, he is recognized only by his faithful dog and a nurse. With the help of his son, Telemachus, Odysseus destroys the insistent suitors of his faithful wife, Penelope, and several of her maids who had fraternized with the suitors and reestablishes himself in his kingdom.

  12. Joseph Campbell and the monomyth • All heroic tales follow the same pattern and structure

  13. The Hero’s Journey (Joseph Campbell) 1. Ordinary World AKA Status Quo or World of Common Day (Vogler) • Normal every day life of the hero before the start of the adventure 2. The Call to Adventure • Fate or destiny “call” the hero to leave his/her home (a discovery or danger is present) that sets the hero on his/her path whether he/she goes willingly or is forced to act 3. Refusal of the Call • Initially, the hero will not accept the call to adventure and has to make a choice to accept or deny the quest that is presented 4. Supernatural Aid AKA Meeting with the Mentor • Another character who has the ability to aid the “hero” provides advice, training, equipment, etc. to help the hero on his/her journey usually persuades the hero to begin the journey

  14. The Hero’s Journey, continued 5. Departure: Crossing the First Threshold • The decision to venture out of the safety of his/her home and way of life is made and he/she decides to proceed in his/her adventure into unknown territory. 6. Test, Allies, and Enemies • In the hero’s travels, he/she faces a number of tests, facing challenges that involve monsters or forces of nature. As the hero passes each test, he/she is proving his/her ability and is able to move ahead on his/her journey and adventure. 7. Approach (Approach to the Inmost Cave – Vogler) • The hero will face the largest challenge in his/her journey and prepares for this.

  15. The Hero’s Journey, continued 8. The Ordeal AKA The Supreme Ordeal (Vogler) • The hero is faced with a significant obstacle that could mean life or death for the hero. The climax of the heroic journey is when the hero faces his/her greatest fear. • The hero has to use everything he knows and has learned to surpass this challenge. It truly is a life or death scenario. His/her life may change forever, if he/she survives.   9. The Reward/Treasure/Special Recognition or Power AKA Reward – Seizing the Prize (Vogler) •  The hero succeeds and gets rewarded. • “The reward may be an object of great importance, greater knowledge or insights about their identity, or even reconciliation with a loved one”.  10. The Road Back • The hero begins his/her journal back home and to normal life.  

  16. The Hero’s Journey, Continued 11. The Resurrection AKA Threshold Crossing (Vogler) • The hero has changed by his or her experience (near-death experience) and returns back to normal life being wiser due to what he/she has learned 12. Return with the Elixir • The hero may choose to return home or in some cases, may continue the journey. • The hero returns wiser due to the knowledge he has gained, or has brought bak treasure that will help change his/her world. • His/her return may have resolved the problem people at home had, or the hero may bring hope to those in his/her world. His/life will have changed either for the better or worse.

  17. Works Cited • Greek Mythology God and Goddesses Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MSEsh6jgHE • Myth of Cassiopeia: Constellation Quest - Astronomy and Space for Kids, FreeSchool: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAmJjvq27T4 • Stark, Rebecca. Mythology: Student Edition. Educational Impressions,1998. • The Hero’s Journey: https://thoseheroicgreeks.weebly.com/the-heros-journey • “The Iliad.” https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iliad-epic-poem-by-Homer • “The Odyssey.” https://www.britannica.com/topic/Odyssey-epic-by-Homer

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