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History, economic Importance and production technology of Cotton

History, economic Importance and production technology of Cotton. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM 2008-ag-1821 7 th semester(conservation Agronomy). PRESENTATION : 1. Cotton. This is called as COTTON (English), KAPAS (Urdu), PHUTTI (Punjabi), COTON (French), and ALGODON (Spanish).

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History, economic Importance and production technology of Cotton

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  1. History, economic Importance and production technology of Cotton NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM 2008-ag-1821 7thsemester(conservation Agronomy) PRESENTATION : 1 NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  2. Cotton This is called as COTTON (English), KAPAS (Urdu), PHUTTI (Punjabi), COTON (French), and ALGODON (Spanish)

  3. Cotton belongs to the …. Kingdom Sub-kingdom Super Division Division Class Sub-class Order Family Genus Plantae Tracheobionta Spermetophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Dilleniidae Malvales Malvaceae GossypiumL. Vascular plants Seed plants Flowering plants Dicotyledons

  4. Origin and species Cotton belongs to genus gossypium and faimly Malvacaeae This genus consist of 20 species included wild and domestic There are four domestic species (AMERICAN) G. hirsutum G. barbadence NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  5. Origin and species (Asian) G.herbacium G.arborium NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  6. Leading Countries 1. China 2. USA 3. India 4. Pakistan 5. Uzbekistan NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  7. History In soutern america cotton cord found in costal mounds of peru is belived to date back to about 1000B.C From 1500 B.C to 1500 A.D Indian subcontinent is the center of cotton production and manufacture of its products NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  8. History Cotton is growing in our region from centuries this is proved from available archeological evidence which lead to conclusion that the art of spining and weaving cotton originate in indus valley The oldest cotton fiber today was found from the ruin of moen –jo-dare Archeologist have also discovered cotton seed NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  9. History About seven thousands years old from rehman dari (bloachistan) NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  10. PRODUCTION IN the year of 2009-2010 the total area under cotton is 2.963million hactares and the yield taken per hac. Is 2346kg The most important constraint for cotton production now a day is CLVC burevalla strain Now PAKISTAN Is also included in those countries which grown b.t cotton comercially NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  11. PRODUCTION There are 30% increase in cotton yield due to introdction of b.t varities B.T cotton is developed by genetic engineering it contain the gene Bacillus thrugensis These B.T varities are resistant to chewing insects but not for sucking pests like mealy bug NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  12. Economic importance Cotton is our most important cash crop Pakistan ranks fifth biggest producer of cotton Textile is the largest industry of pakistan and cotton is the basic raw material of that industry At present 521 textile mills ,8000 power looms working in our country which totally depend upon cotton NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  13. Economic importance Cotton is a none true oil seed crop cotton is the major raw material for ghee mills it contribute to 70% of our totall oil production NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  14. Botany A perennial Coldest temps. 650F Height = 2-5 feet Deep tap root Bolls NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  15. Branches

  16. Adaptation Cotton is a crop of tropical and sub tropical region grown in summer Cotton require frost free growing season for 180 to 200 days The optimum soil ph for cotton is 5-8.5 Cotton need soil with maximum water holding capacity NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  17. Cultural practices Cotton require smooth seed bed Cotton require at least four ploughing and one planking Also on some clayey soils deep tillage implements can also be use The tillage implements most commonly used are as NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  18. Cultural Practices Tillage Disc plough Disc harrow Cultivator Planker Chisel plough NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  19. Varieties for Core Zone Area CIM-496,CIM-506,CIM-499, BH-160,NIAB-111,CIM-534, CIM-707,CIM-446,FH-901,

  20. Varieties for Non Core Zone Area CIM-496,CIM-506,CIM-499, NIAB-111,CIM-534, FH-901,

  21. Seed rate Per Acre Germination% Delinted seed Kg /acre >75% 6 60% 8 50% 10

  22. Delinting Commercial Sulfuric Acid 1 liter for 10 Kg fuzzy seed is used for delinting

  23. Planting Geometry For Core Zone Areas Plant To Plant= 6-9 Inches Row To Row= 30 Inches For Non Core Zone Areas Plant To Plant= 9-12 Inches Row To Row= 30 Inches

  24. Sowing Date For Core Zone Areas 1st may to 7 june For Non Core Zone Areas 16 april to 31 may

  25. Method of sowing Mostly cotton is sown in our country by two methods Flat sowing Raise bed sowing Flat sowing flat sowing is done by two methods NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  26. Method of sowing Broad casting Drill sowing in drill sowing row to row distance is maintained 30 inches 2- raised seed bed in this method raise seed beds are drawn in the field via cotton planter or bed planter seed may be directly sown by planter NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  27. Method of sowing Or in some cases bed are drawn in field and seed in sown by manual labour The seed rate for this method is 5kg per acer NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  28. Method of sowing NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  29. Benefits of bed sowing Cotton grown via this method mature 15-20 days earlier Loss due to rainfall is reduced It gives more soil for root development Saves water up to 40% NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  30. Fertilization N, 27.kg./ac P, 30. kg./ac K, 30.kg./ac Also amounts will depend on the soil type. In addition, 60% of the mineral nutrients are taken up between squares and boll formation. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  31. Fertilization Before last cultivation 1 bag of urea 1bag of TSP 1bag of SOP Should be added in soil as basal dose On the basis of soil deficiency zinc sulphate 5kg and borax 3kg per acer NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  32. Thinning In order to keep normal plant to plant distance the extra seedlings should be removed this should be done after first irrigation It should be noted that delay in thinning considerably reduce the yield NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  33. Irrigation The goal is to keep 50% field capacity or higher through out the growing season. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  34. Irrigation The rough schedule for irrigation is first irrigation 30-40 DAS Subsequent irrigationd 15-18DAS NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  35. Weed in cotton The most common weed of cotton are IT-SIT Madahana grass Aak Hazar dani Bhakra Jangli chauli NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  36. Weed management There are three weed control methods which are commonly used to control weeds in cotton these are as follow 1. Stale seed bed 2. Mechanical weed control 3. Chemical weed control method NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  37. Stale seed bed method In This method first we give irrigation to field when field come in wattar condition we plough the field and plank it after that weed emerge we again cultivate the field in this way weed control is satisfactory NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  38. Mechanical weed control Early season weeds reduce yields due to the competition for nutrients and light. So in cotton area mosty in early season mechanical weed control is done The benefits of this method is that it not only uproot the weeds but also soften the soil so this method gives proper aeration to soil for better root growth NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  39. Mechanical weed control The figure 1 show the mechanical weed control The figure 2 show the stale seed bed method NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  40. Chemical weed control In cotton only pre emergence herbicedes are available like DIVALD GOLD, stomp Common herbicides; Gramoxyone, Glyfosat which is used with sheild as post emergence but not recommended by agriculture dept.. Round-up in Round-up ready varities. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  41. Chemical weed control • Common herbicides; Gramoxyone, Glyfosat which is used with sheild as post emergence but not recommended by agriculture dept..

  42. Diseases Fursaruim Wilt Bacterial blight Cotton-boll rots Root-knot nematode Root rot CLVC NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  43. Insects Army bollworm White fly jassid NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  44. Insects • PINK bollworm • American bollworm • White fly • Aphid • Mites

  45. Insect control method Insects are mostly control through chemical pesticides but in some areas some insects are control by there natural predators Most common pesticides used in our country against chewing insects are Lefuron Match NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  46. Insect control method The most common pesticides used for sucking insects are Ameida chloproide Bepru fresian Tracker NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

  47. Integrated Pest Management •     Control of sucking insect pests at early stage of the crop through seed treatment. •    Delay first spray as far as possible for the conservation of beneficials but start spraying at ETL. •     Use pheromone baited traps •    Use of pheromone traps around village near cotton heaps for pink bollworm control.

  48. Precautions •   Pest scouting should be done twice a week. • Spray at right stage of the pest and at ETL. •   Do not repeat the same chemical more than twice a season, instead rotate different insecticide groups for spray.. •     Select only recommended pesticides and use proper dose.

  49. Insects Economic Threshode Level Thrips 8-10 / Leaf Jassid 1 / Leaf Whitefly 5 / Leaf Mites When damage occur Aphid Damage occur on top Mealy bug When found in field Chewing Pests Spotted Boll worm 3/25 plants Pink Boll worm 5/100 soft boll American Boll worm 3/25 plants Army worm When Found in Field Sucking Pests

  50. Pesticide spraying equipment On small scale hand sprayer is used in our country On large scale tractor drawn boon sprayers are user in our country NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

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