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The U.S. and World War I, 1914-1918

HIST 202 - HESEN. The U.S. and World War I, 1914-1918. Long-Term Causes of World War I. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Remember MAIN!. Alliance Systems. Triple Alliance/Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Italy…until 1915. Triple Entente/Allied Powers

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The U.S. and World War I, 1914-1918

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  1. HIST 202 - HESEN The U.S. and World War I, 1914-1918

  2. Long-Term Causes of World War I • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism • Remember MAIN!

  3. Alliance Systems • Triple Alliance/Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Italy…until 1915 • Triple Entente/Allied Powers • Great Britain • France • Russia • Italy…in 1915 • U.S….in 1917

  4. Balkan Powder Keg • Problems in Serbia • Austria-Hungary governs • One of the smallest European countries • Black Hand • GavriloPrincip • June 28, 1914 – assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  5. American Neutrality • U.S. traded with all Allied countries • 1915 – British blockade Germany • Effects: • U.S. can’t trade with Germany • German enters famine • Germany blames Great Britain and U.S.

  6. Submarine Warfare • Response from Germany – “Eliminate the blockade” • Targeted merchant and military vessels • Lusitania – May 7, 1915 • 128 Americans died • Sussex – March 1916 • Sussex Pledge – sink with warnings only

  7. Economic Links with Allies • Tied chiefly to Great Britain and France • U.S. makes war supplies – sends to Allied Powers • Blame blockade for not trading with Germany • 1914-1917 – trade with Great Britain and France quadrupled

  8. Public Opinion • Americans favored Britain and France • Germany – “bully of Europe” • Reinforced with Lusitania • Loans to businesses – JP MORGAN

  9. Ethnic Influences • Second generation immigrants in U.S. • Make-up 30% of population • Sympathizers • Germans – “homeland” • Irish – hates British • Russians – great protectors

  10. Opposition to the War • Mostly from the Midwest and West • Scared that U.S. would get involved • Progressives • Populists • Socialists • Pacifists

  11. Going to War • Major U.S. causes: • Unrestricted submarine warfare • Zimmerman Telegram • Russian Revolution • Declaration of War – April 2, 1917

  12. Fighting “Over There” • Conditions • Trench warfare • Trench foot • Chemical warfare • Shell shock • Affected Allied and Central Powers ***

  13. U.S. Mobilization • Committee on Public Information • George Creel • Food Administration • Herbert Hoover • National War Labor Board • War Industries Board

  14. Public Opinion and Civil Liberties • Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917) • Prohibited disloyal speech • Applied to all Allied Powers • Imprisonment – 2,000 • Schenck v. U.S. - 1919

  15. Armed Forces • Selective Service Act • June 1917 • 2.8 million men put into lottery • Made up half of the fighting force • African-Americans • 400,000 served in segregated units • W.E.B. DuBois

  16. Effects on American Society • MORE JOBS!! • Men leave --- factory jobs taken by women • Men leave cities – migrants move North from South

  17. World War I Ends • War ends November 11, 1918 • Hailed as a major Allied victory • 116,000 U.S. troops killed • 5 million Russians dead

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