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Islam

Islam. I bear witness that "There is no god but God"; I bear witness that "Muhammad is the messenger of God." -Profession of Faith In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, The Beneficent, the Merciful, Master of the day of Requital.

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Islam

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  1. Islam

  2. I bear witness that "There is no god but God"; I bear witness that "Muhammad is the messenger of God." -Profession of Faith In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, The Beneficent, the Merciful, Master of the day of Requital. Thee do we serve and Thee do we beseech for help. Guide us on the right path, The path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed favors, Not those upon whom wrath is brought, now those who go astray. -Holy Qur'an
  3. INTRODUCTION
  4. THE QUR'AN: THE WORD OF GOD For Muslims, the Qur'an is the Book of God. It is the eternal, uncreated, literal word of God sent down from heaven, revealed one final time to the Prophet Muhammad as a guide for humankind (2:185).
  5. MAJOR TEACHINGS OF THE QUR'AN The fundamental religious attitude of Islam is to maintain wholeness and proper order by accepting God's law. ALLAH CREATION THE QUR'ANIC UNIVERSE THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY THE LAST DAY
  6. BASIC ISLAMIC PRACTICES: THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH THE PROFESSION OF FAITH (Shahada) RITUAL PRAYER (Salat) ALMS TAX (Zakat) THE FAST OF RAMADAN (Swam) THE PILGRIMAGE (Hajj)
  7. ABOUT ISLAM: A SUMMARY OF BELIEFS WHAT IS ISLAM THE QUR'AN (QURAN and KORAN) IS ISLAM'S SACRED BOOK MAJOR ISLAMIC BELIEFS MUSLIM LIFE THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH THE ISLAMIC YEAR THE TWO MAIN GROUPS IN ISLAM
  8. WHAT IS ISLAM It is a religion and a way of life followed by over 900 million people. Islam guides its believers in every area of life including: Spiritual Growth: followers of Islam are called Muslims. They strive to serve the will of Allah. Moral Conduct: Islam stresses such things as charity, justice, humility and respect for family and community. Government: Muslim Law (Shari'a) covers every aspect of daily living, including worship, marriage, taxation and penalties for crime. All Muslims belong to the world community of Islam (UMMA). Together, Muslims preserve the Islamic way of life, which involves beliefs about: worship, festival days, family, and education.
  9. THE QUR'AN (QURAN and KORAN) IS ISLAM'S SACRED BOOK The Word of God: Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad by God, in a period that spanned more than 20 years. Muslims also believe the Qur'an has survived to present times in its original form. The Foundation of Muslim Society: The Qur'an is the main source of Muslim law and theology. Muslims turn to the Qur'an for guidance in worldly matters passages to recite during ceremonies and worship, and comfort and inspiration in times of trouble. The Qur'an is about as long as the Christian Scriptures. It has 114 sections (suras) which vary widely in length and are written in verses (ayas).
  10. MAJOR ISLAMIC BELIEFS (1 of 2) ONE GOD For Muslims there is only one true God. Everything in creation comes from God, and therefore thanks and praise and obedience should be given to God alone. PROPHETS Muslims believe God sent messengers to all peoples of the world. Muhammad is seen as the final prophet in a long line that begins with Adam, the first man. Prophets receive divine messages. They are not divine in themselves. SACRED BOOKS Muslims consider the Qur'an the only complete and unflawed communication from God. They believe that at least four other scriptures were also gifts from God: the Scrolls (given to Abraham), the Torah (the complete body of Jewish religious literature), the Psalms of David, and the four Christian gospels.
  11. MAJOR ISLAMIC BELIEFS (2 of 2) HUMANITY'S RELATION TO GOD God has set human beings apart form other creatures by giving them the power to make moral choices. Human beings occupy the most honored place in creation -- they along can respond consciously to God's will ANGELS AND "JINN" Muslims believe in an "unseen" world, inhabited by angels and other spirits. Angels carry out tasks, such as conveying God's word. Other spirits called "Jinn" may be helpful or harmful to humans. DAY OF JUDGMENT At this time every soul will be judged and assigned a place wither in heaven or hell. This is also called the Day of Resurrection.
  12. MUSLIM LIFE Islam shapes and gives meaning to the lives of its followers: Birth: The child of Muslim parents enters the world as a Muslim. The first words the infant hears are from the Qur'an. A week later, the parents choose a name, give a feast and make a donation to the poor. Marriage: For Muslims, marriage is a contract based on mutual love and respect. Muhammad described marriage as a vital part of practicing the Islamic faith. Divorce is permitted, but strongly discouraged. Death: Death is not seen as the end of life, but the beginning of eternal life with God.
  13. THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH THE CREED / SHAHADA To become a Muslim, a person must affirm his/her faith by reciting the creed, "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Prophet of God." Muslims repeat the creed daily in their prayers. PRAYER / SALAT Every day, Muslims pray at dawn, noon, mid afternoon, after sunset, and in the evening. They face Mecca during each prayer and repeat words form the Qur'an while moving through ritual postures. CHARITY / ZAKAT Every year a Muslim must support to the poor. FASTING / SAWM During Ramadan, the 9th month, Muslims must not eat, drink or have sexual intercourse between dawn and sundown.   PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA / HAJJ Every Muslim must make at least one trip to Mecca, the holiest city of Islam. The pilgrimage must be made during Dhu al Hijja, the last month of the Islamic calendar.
  14. THE ISLAMIC YEAR The Muslim calendar follows a lunar cycle. It's 354 days long and has 12 months. Popular Muslim celebrations include: NEW YEAR / MUHARRAM The first day of Muharram marks the beginning of the Muslim year. It commemorates Muhammad's migration to Medina, the start of the Muslim era. FESTIVAL OF ENDING THE FAST / ID AL-FITR The end of Ramadan is celebrated with public prayer, feasts, and the exchange of gifts. FESTIVAL OF SACRIFICE / ID AL-ADHA This is held at the time of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca. It commemorates Abraham's obedience to God, shown by his readiness to sacrifice his son Ishmael. NIGHT OF THE ASCENT / LAILAT AL-MIRAJ According to Muslim tradition, the angel Gabriel once led Muhammad on a night journey thorough Heaven. This event is celebrated on the 27th of Rajab, the 7th month. Muslims gather to hear stories of the prophet's life.
  15. THE TWO MAIN GROUPS IN ISLAM Differences among Muslims have led to the formation of two groups: SUNNIS: The vast majority of Muslims are Sunnis. Sunnis place special emphasis on the words and actions of Muhammad as a guide to proper conduct. SHI'ITES: Allegiance to the Iman, a spiritual leader, is central to Shi'ite thinking. they believe Imams to be divinely inspired descendants of Muhammad. SUFIS can be either Sunni or Shi'ite. Through meditation and other kinds of spiritual discipline, Sufis seek a more direct and personal relationship to God.
  16. THE PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA (1 of 2) The fifth and final pillar of Islam is the pilgrimage or hajj to the holy city of Mecca and its sacred, cube-shaped shrine, the Ka'ba. The pilgrimage takes place during the 12th month, Khu'hijja, of the Muslim year. All Muslims, and only Muslims, who are physically and financially capable of performing the pilgrimage must do so at least once in a lifetime. More than two million Muslims from around the world and from all walks of life flock to Mecca to make the pilgrimage each year. Certain traditions state that Adam laid the foundations of the Ka'ba. Abraham restored it, and hundreds of prophets are buried around it. the Ka'ba was a polytheistic shrine housing in its sanctuary innumerable statutes of gods, including Hubal, the god of Mecca, until it was cleansed by the Prophet Muhammad in 632. Male pilgrims put on two sheets of seamless white cloth to symbolize the equality of all before God, while women wear their ordinary clothes and are covered from head to ankles. The pilgrimage begins on the first day at Mecca where the pilgrim walks seven times around the Ka'ba (1).
  17. THE PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA (2 of 2) Next the pilgrim runs seven times between two small hills, al-Safa and al-Marwa, now enclosed and joined by a walkway (2). It was close to here that Abraham was ordered by God to leave his wife Hagar and his son Ishmael and where, in her desperate search for water, Hagar ran furiously up and down the hills until she discovered the well of Zamzam nearby. The next two stages are the five-mile walk (3) to Mina, followed by a ten mile journey to the plain of Arafat (4). Here, the day is spent in meditation and part of the evening in a search for 49 small stones for the next stage of the pilgrimage, the five-mile hike (5) to Muzdalifa and the return (6) to Mina. The pilgrims then throw the stones they have collected at three pillars that mark the place where the devil (Shaitan) was stoned by Ishmael as he tempted him to disobey Abraham. The last stage (7) takes the pilgrim back to Mecca. The hajj ends with the festival of the sacrifice (Eidul-Adha) when a sheep, goat, cow, or camel is sacrificed in remembrance of Abraham's faith and obedience when he was told by God first to sacrifice his son--who, according to Muslim tradition was Ishmael, and later to substitute for his son a sheep. A final walk around the Ka'ba completes the pilgrimage.
  18. HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAM (1 of 3) DATES MAJOR CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS FEATURES To 610 CE The Jahiliya or "Age of Innocence" in pre-Islamic Arabia c 570 CE Birth of Muhammad c 595 CE Marriage of Muhammad to Kakija Muhammad's call to be a prophet and the beginning of the revelations of the Qur'an 622 CE The Hijra or "emigration" of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, which marked the foundation of the Umma and the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar 624 CE Battle of Badr 630 CE Muhammad's conquest of Mecca and the rededication of the Ka'ba sanctuary as a purely Islamic place of worship 632 CE Muhammad's death 631-661 CE The period of the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" (Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman and 'Ali) and the great conquests
  19. HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAM (2 of 3) DATES MAJOR CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS FEATURES 661 CE The assassination of 'Ali and the rise of the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled from Damascus until 750 680 CE The massacre of Husayn and his Shi'ite followers at Karbala', Iraq 750 CE Fall of the Umayyads and the beginning of the 'Abbasid dynasty, which ruled from Baghdad until the Mongol conquest in 1258; the 'Abbasid period witnessed the flowering of classical Islamic civilization; a separate Umayyad dynasty continued in Spain 1099 CE Crusaders conquer Jerusalem
  20. HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAM (3 of 3) 1187 CE Saladin retakes Jerusalem for Islam at the Battle of Hattin c 1500-1800 CE Major Islamic empires flourish: the Ottomans in the west, the Persian Safavids in Iran, and the Mughals in India; Islam gradually comes to dominate the Malay-Indonesian regions and in parts of Africa 1700's CE The rise of the puritanical Wahhabi reform movement in Arabia, with strong influence beyond 1800's CE Development of various Muslim reform movements and an increasingly strong pan-Islamic, anti-Western consciousness develops 1900's CE Continued renewal and reform of Islam, with emergence of many nation-states dedicated in various degrees to Islamic principles; Muslims experience challenges of modernity and science.
  21. DEFINITIONS (1 of 3) ALLAH Arabic word for "God," literally, al-ilah, "the God." BARAKA Blessing or spiritual power believed to reside in holy places and persons. CALIPH Literally, successor, deputy or vicegerent; in the Qur'an it refers to people who submit in voluntary service to God and are thus empowered to carry on a free and active life as God's vicegerents on earth; in the early history of Isla, caliph is the title for the military/political leaders of the Umma functioning as Muhammad's "successor" in all but the prophetic role. DAR AL-ISLAM "The Household of Submission," meaning the territories governed by Muslims under the Shar's. FITRA The original framework or nature of humans as created by God, considered good. HADITH "Report" or "account," a tradition about Muhammad--what he said or did on a particular occasion; the hadiths were collected and they came to be a record of the prophet's sunna, which is second only to the Qur'an in authority for Muslims.
  22. DEFINITIONS (2 of 3) HAJJ The pilgrimage to Mecca and one of the five Pillars of Islam. HIJRA The "emigration" of Muhammad and the Muslims from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE; the Muslim lunar calendar dates from that year. IMAM Leader, specifically of the Salat prayer service; in Shi'ite Islam, imam also refers to one of the revered early leaders of the community who both rules in the political sense and also interpreted doctrine with infallible, God-given wisdom. JIHAD Exertion in the work of God, including, sometimes, armed force. KA'BA The sacred cubical shrine in Mecca, toward which Muslims face in prayer; legend says the Ka'ba was built by Abraham. MOSQUE English corruption of the Arabic word MASJID, "place of prostration" for performing the Salat
  23. DEFINITIONS (3 of 3) QUR'AN Literally, "recitation," the Islamic Scripture revealed to Muhammad orally through the angel Gabriel. RAMADAN The holy month of fasting, during which the Qur'an was first revealed. SALAT The obligatory Muslim prayer service held five times daily, one of the Pillars of Islam. SUNNA The "custom" of the Prophet Muhammad, that is, his words, habits, acts and gestures as remembered by the Muslims and preserved in the literary form of the hadith reports. The Sunna is second only to the Qur'an in authority for Muslims. UMMA The Muslim "community" worldwide. ZAKAT Legal almsgiving required as a Pillar of Islam.
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