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NOC Services and Applications Sunday Folayan Nishal Goburdhan Isatou Jah

NOC Services and Applications Sunday Folayan Nishal Goburdhan Isatou Jah . What is Network Management?. “In order to operate a reliable service, the network must be managed according to a determined discipline, using a coherent structure of information management.”

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NOC Services and Applications Sunday Folayan Nishal Goburdhan Isatou Jah

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  1. NOC Services and Applications Sunday Folayan Nishal Goburdhan Isatou Jah NOC Services and Applications

  2. What is Network Management? “In order to operate a reliable service, the network must be managed according to a determined discipline, using a coherent structure of information management.” Geoff Huston, ISP Survival Guide NOC Services and Applications

  3. What is a NOC? Network Operations Centre (NOC) • Monitors and manages a service provider’s network • Information about current, historical and planned availability of systems • Network status and operational statistics • Fault monitoring and management Engineers can coordinate their work through the NOC NOC Services and Applications

  4. Network Management - Components Parts of Network Management • Configuration/Change management • Performance/Accounting management • Fault management • Security management NOC Services and Applications

  5. Configuration Management Maintaining information relating to the design of the network and its current configuration • Network State • Record of network topology • Static • what is deployed • where it is deployed • how it is attached • Who is responsible for it • How do I contact them • Dynamic • operational status of the network elements NOC Services and Applications

  6. Configuration Management • inventory management • database of network elements • history of changes & problems • directory maintenance • all hosts & applications • nameserver database • host and service naming coordination • "Information is not information if you can't find it" NOC Services and Applications

  7. Configuration Management Operational Control of network • Start/stop individual components • Alter configuration of devices • Load and save config versions • Hardware/Software upgrades • Methods of access • SNMPGet / SNMPSet • Out-of-Band access NOC Services and Applications

  8. RANCID • RANCID - Really Awesome New Cisco confIg Differ • Also works for IOS/CatOS/JunOS/... • Open Source • Runs on FreeBSD, Linux, OSX, even MS-Windows • http://www.shrubbery.net/ (lots of other useful tools here too!) NOC Services and Applications

  9. RANCID • Collections of scripts that run from cron and automate • logging into routers • capturing configuration • highlighting configuration ‘differences’ • emailing the ‘diffs’ to a mail list • installing ‘diffs’ into CVS NOC Services and Applications

  10. RANCID • Track config changes • Normal day-to-day • Track hardware changes • Where’s that spare…? • Track (I)OS changes • Malicious changes ? • What did your NOC do last night? • Retrieve dead router configs. • Track router crashes!! NOC Services and Applications

  11. RANCID aka Big Brother • Announce changes to entire team - everybody starts looking out for anyone making random changes! • If it’s broken, what’s changed? • Make it user friendly - CVSWeb NOC Services and Applications

  12. RANCID Sample Output !Slot 2/MBUS: hvers 1.1 !Slot 2/MBUS: software 01.36 (RAM) (ROM version is 01.33) !Slot 2/MBUS: 128 Mbytes DRAM, 16384 Kbytes SDRAM ! - !Slot 6: 1 Port Gigabit Ethernet - !Slot 6/PCA: part 73-3302-03 rev C0 ver 3, serial CAB031216OL - !Slot 6/PCA: hvers 1.1 - !Slot 6/MBUS: part 73-2146-07 rev B0 dev 0, serial CAB031112SB - !Slot 6/MBUS: hvers 1.2 - !Slot 6/MBUS: software 01.36 (RAM) (ROM version is 01.33) !Slot 7: Route Processor !Slot 7/PCA: part 73-2170-03 rev B0 ver 3, serial CAB024901SI !Slot 7/PCA: hvers 1.4 !Slot 7/MBUS: part 73-2146-06 rev A0 dev 0, serial CAB02060044 NOC Services and Applications

  13. RANCID Demo Demo of live RANCID system NOC Services and Applications

  14. RANCID Re-use • More than configuration management. • Cheap Asset Tracker/NMS • UNIX script - easily extendible to other applications. • Re-use login scripts • Manage configuration changes • Correlate syslog and RANCID using Simple Event Correlator (SEC) • http://threebit.net/mail-archive/cisco-nsp/msg00053.html NOC Services and Applications

  15. RANCID - Even More Uses • Looking Glass software • See Joe Abley and Stephen Stuart NANOG presentation: • http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0210/abley.html • Consistency/Audit checks • Generate DNS zone files • Create Topographic maps NOC Services and Applications

  16. What is SNMP? • Simple Network Management Protocol • query - response system • can obtain status from a device • standard queries • enterprise specific • uses database defined in MIB • management information base NOC Services and Applications

  17. What do we use SNMP for? • query routers for: • in and out bytes per second • CPU load • uptime • BGP peer session status • query hosts for: • network status • Message queues • Web traffic • Squid proxy load NOC Services and Applications

  18. SNMP Exercise NOC Services and Applications

  19. Configuration Management SNMP driven display husc6 mghgw wjh12 generali harvard talcott wjhgw1 harvisr huelings geo pitirium nngw nnhvd oitgw1 sphgw1 lmagw1 dfch tch tch NOC Services and Applications

  20. Performance Management A Consistent level of network performance • Data collection • interface stats • throughput • error rates • usage • percent availability • Data analysis for performance metrics and trends • Establishment of performance thresholds • Capacity planning and deployment NOC Services and Applications

  21. Importance of Network Statistics • Accounting • Troubleshooting • Long-term trend analysis • Capacity Planning • Two different types • active measurement • passive measurement • Management Tools have statistical functionality NOC Services and Applications

  22. MRTG NOC Services and Applications

  23. MRTG and MRTG Exercise NOC Services and Applications

  24. Netflow • Cisco developed - 1996 • Initially a mechanism for forwarding packets • No longer - Now, primarily used for • Accounting/Billing • Network planning • Peering arrangements • Traffic engineering • Security monitoring NOC Services and Applications

  25. Netflow • Netflow packet typically contains • IP SRC+DST • Port SRC+DST • Protocol information • TOS byte (DSCP) • Input logical interface (ifIndex) • Extendible (IOS capable) • AS / VRF / ... NOC Services and Applications

  26. Netflow • Uses CPU and memory! • Export Netflow to external collector (or use online on router) • http://www.splintered.net/sw/flow-tools/ • Router summarisation possible • Netflow V5 is most commonly used • http://www.cisco.com/go/netflow NOC Services and Applications

  27. Netflow • Only works on inbound traffic • Unidirectional flow • Shows transit (traffic through) and to the router. • Enabled by: • ip route-cache flow • ip flow ingress (new syntax) • Output seen with: • show ip cache [verbose] flow NOC Services and Applications

  28. Netflow Example • From your workstation: ping 196.200.220.1 • On your router: router# conf t router(config) int fa0/0 router(config-if)# ip flow ingress router# show ip cache flow NOC Services and Applications

  29. Netflow Example (cont). • What’s missing? (Why are the flows only in 1 direction?) • How do you fix it ? • Now repeat the BCP38 packet spoofing exercise, but track the bogus packets with Netflow. Pay attention to what happens when uRPF is enabled. NOC Services and Applications

  30. Netflow examples • Top ten lists (or top five) ##### Top 5 AS's based on number of bytes ####### srcAS dstAS pkts bytes 6461 237 4473872 3808572766 237 237 22977795 3180337999 3549 237 6457673 2816009078 2548 237 5215912 2457515319 ##### Top 5 Nets based on number of bytes ###### Net Matrix ---------- number of net entries: 931777 SRCNET/MASK DSTNET/MASK PKTS BYTES 165.123.0.0/16 35.8.0.0/13 745858 1036296098 207.126.96.0/19 198.108.98.0/24 708205 907577874 206.183.224.0/19 198.108.16.0/22 740218 861538792 35.8.0.0/13 128.32.0.0/16 671980 467274801 ##### Top 10 Ports ####### input output port packets bytes packets bytes 119 10863322 2808194019 5712783 427304556 80 36073210 862839291 17312202 1387817094 20 1079075 1100961902 614910 62754268 7648 1146864 419882753 1147081 414663212 25 1532439 97294492 2158042 722584770 NOC Services and Applications

  31. Accounting Management • What do you account for? • Use of the network and the services it provides • Types of accounting data • RADIUS/TACACS accounting data from Access servers • Interface statistics • Protocol statistics • Accounting Data affects Business Models • Bill on usage? • Flat-rate billing? NOC Services and Applications

  32. Fault Management • Identify the fault • Regular polling of network elements • Isolate the fault • Diagnosis of the network components • Respond to the fault • Allocate resources to resolve the fault • Priority scheduling • Technical/management escalation • Resolve the fault • notification NOC Services and Applications

  33. Fault Management - systems • reporting mechanism • link to NOC • notify on-call personnel • setup & control alarm procedures • repair/recovery procedures • ticket system NOC Services and Applications

  34. Fault Management - Fault Detection Who notices a problem with the network? • Network Operations Center w/ 24x7 operations staff • open trouble ticket to track problem • preliminary troubleshooting • Assign engineer to problem or escalate ticket status • Customer call • Other ISPs NOC Services and Applications

  35. Fault Management - Fault Detection (con) How can you tell if there is a problem with the network? • Network Monitoring Tools • common utilities • ping • Traceroute • Ethereal • Snmp • Monitoring Systems • NOCol • Big Brother • Nagios • HP Openview, etc… • Report state or unreachability • detect node down • routing problems NOC Services and Applications

  36. Fault Management - Ticket System • Very Important! • Need mechanism to track: • failures • current status of outage • carrier tickets NOC Services and Applications

  37. Fault Management:Ticket System • system provides for: • short term memory & communication • scheduling and work assignment • referrals and dispatching • oversight • statistical analysis • long term accountability NOC Services and Applications

  38. Fault Management - Ticket Usage • create a ticket on ALL calls • create a ticket on ALL problems • create a ticket for ALL scheduled events • copy of ticket mailed to reporter and mailing list(s) • all milestones in resolution of problem maintain the same ticket # • ticket stays "open" until problem resolved • Ticket reporter determines that ticket should be closed. NOC Services and Applications

  39. Fault Management - Ticket Example Sample opening ticket SubjectSerial Number Fix sshd on E2 instructor machines 6 AreaQueue none afnog-noc RequestorsOwner pfs@cisco.com inst StatusLast User Contact resolved Wed May 10 17:02:21 2006 (12 hr ago) Current PriorityFinal Priority 1 1 Due No date assigned Last Action Wed May 10 17:02:21 2003 (12 hr ago) Created Mon May 8 14:08:08 2003 (2 days ago) NOC Services and Applications

  40. Exercise: Ticket System • RT is already installed on http://e2-noc.ws.afnog.org • Create tickets to track network occurrences as they occur - network failures will be provided ;-) NOC Services and Applications

  41. Fault Management - typical failures • Node unpingable • no ip connectivity to router • possible reasons: • serial link down • call telco • router down/hardware problem • call engineer • routing problem • troubleshoot with traceroute • routeviews machine NOC Services and Applications

  42. Security Management: Do’s & Don’t’s • Dont’ leave things that are likely to be interesting to mice lying on the kitchen table overnight • Plug the holes that mice are using to get into the house • Don’t provide places within the house for mice to build nests • Set traps along walls where you often see mice out of the corner of your eye • Check the traps daily to rebait them and to dispose of squashed mice. Full traps don’t catch mice, and they smell • Avoid using commercial bait-and-kill poisons. Traditional snap traps are best. • Get a cat! NOC Services and Applications

  43. Security Management - Tools • security tools • cops - host configuration checker (www.cert.org) • swatch - email reports of activity on machine • Tcpwrappers – log connections, restrict access • ssh/skey – crypto authentication and communications • Tripwire – monitor changes to system files • Keep up to date with security information • bug reports • CERT advisories mailing list: • http://www.cert.org./contact_cert/certmaillist.html • bug fixes • intruder alerts NOC Services and Applications

  44. Security Management – Good Practice • reporting procedure for security events • e.g. break-ins • abuse email address for customers to report complaints (abuse@your-isp.net) • control internal and external gateways • control firewalls (external and internal) • security log management • centralized logging host • Stealth logger, so it cannot be compromised NOC Services and Applications

  45. How do I manage my network? • Which tools should I use? What do I really need? • Keep it simple! • Need to consider engineers working remotely • Don’t want to spend too much time maintaining the tool (it should be helping you!) • Different tools for NOC and engineers • Different tools for statistics • RELIABILITY! NOC Services and Applications

  46. References • http://www.merit.edu/ipma/docs/isp.html • http://www.nanog.org • http://www.caida.org • http://www.nlanr.net • http://www.cisco.com • http://www.amazing.com/internet/ • http://www.isp-resource.com/ • http://www.merit.edu/ipma • http://www.ripe.net NOC Services and Applications

  47. More Tools! • http://www.caida.org/Tools/ • OC3Mon/Coral • http://www.merit.edu/~ipma • RouteTracker • IRRj • ASExplorer • http://www.geektools.com/ • http://www.merit.edu/ipma/tools/other.html NOC Services and Applications

  48. SNMP Tool references • MON - http://www.kernel.org/software/mon/ • NOCol - ftp://ftp.navya.com/pub/vikas/nocol.tar.gz • Sysmon - ftp://puck.nether.net/pub/jared • Rover - http://www.merit.edu/~rover • Concord - http://www.concord.com • http://www.merit.net/~netscarf NOC Services and Applications

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