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S O U T H A F R I C A

S O U T H A F R I C A. Outline. South Africa – Geography – Environmental – History – Demography – Political – Economy BRICS Study. SA Geography. Surface Area: – 1,219 million km2 Coastline: – 3 000 km Highest Peak: – 3 482 m (Drakensberg) Average Annual Rainfall: 450 mm

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S O U T H A F R I C A

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  1. SOUTHAFRICA

  2. Outline • South Africa – Geography – Environmental – History – Demography – Political – Economy • BRICS Study

  3. SA Geography • Surface Area: – 1,219 million km2 • Coastline: – 3 000 km • Highest Peak: – 3 482 m (Drakensberg) • Average Annual Rainfall: 450 mm • 8 major Terrestrial Biomes

  4. Geography • Small Country • Mainly Arid • Mineral-Resource Endowed

  5. SA Environment • 3rd highest level of Bio Diversity • 3 700 unique marine species • 18 000 vascular plant species – 80% unique • 5,8% of world’s total Mammal Species • 8% of world’s Bird Species • 4,6% of global diversity of Reptile Species • 16% of total number of Marine Fish Species • 5,5% of world’s classified insect species • Ranked 5th in Africa & 24th in World Source: Department of Environment & Tourism

  6. Environmental • Global Obligations towards Sustainability • Inter-generational Custodianship • Role of Conservation in Development

  7. SA Long History • Cradle of Humanity – Earliest Hominoid Remains – Earliest Hominoid Artifacts – Rediscovering Pre-colonial History • 1652 – Conquest & Colonisation – Dutch – British Rule – 4 colonies + 3 protectorates • Early 20th Century – Minerals rediscovered • 1910 - Union of South Africa – Segregation • 1948 – Apartheid Consolidated, Passive Resistance • 1960’s – Republic of South Africa Declared, Armed Struggle • 1970’s – Foreign Aggression, Trade Unions resurface • 1980’s – ‘Winning Hearts and Minds’ – Major Economic Crisis – Global Sanctions – Academic Boycott – State of Emergency – Negotiations Begin …

  8. SA Short History • 1990 – 1993 – Restrictions on Political Organisations lifted [ANC, SACP, PAC, BCMA] – Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners released – Operation Vulindlela surfaces & Armed Struggle Ceases – End of Sanctions & accession to WTO – +/- 150 National Forums negotiate Post-Apartheid Scenarios – Convention for a Democratic South Africa begins transfer • of State Power • – Attempted Coup (Black Collaborators + White Right Wing) – Labour-led “social accord” becomes Reconstruction & Development Programme (RDP) • 1994 – 1st democratic elections for a united, non-racial & non-sexist South Africa – RDP White Paper & Ministry – South African Science &Technology Policy Transition Project – Discussion Document, Green Paper to White Paper – Growth, Employment & Redistribution Strategy for Macroeconomic Stability (SAP?) • 1997 – 2000 S&T Foresight, National Audit, Institutional & System-wide Reviews

  9. SA Recent History • 2000 – Present • Micro Economic Reform (Vision 2014) – Integrated Manufacturing Strategy – National Research & Development Strategy – National Biotechnology Strategy – Information & Communications Technology Roadmap – Advanced Manufacturing Technology Strategy – Innovation Fund + Astronomy, Palaeontology & Bio Diversity Research – Employment Equity & transformation • Decade of Freedom Reviews – Under spending major issue – Capacity constraints – Millennium Development Goals • Shifting resources [GEAR Dividend] to Local Government – Major Skills Deficits • New Partnership for Africa’s Development – African Union 2010 Football World Cup • State-owned Enterprise-led Infrastructure Investments • Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative …

  10. History • Reproduction of de-Racialised Capitalism • Legacies immense – “separate development” & “cheap labour” – Siege economy – Concentration & Oligopolies – Commercialisation impacts on Public/ Private Goods • Structural Constraints – Not just cyclical imperfections

  11. Political Landscape • Constitution & Bill of Rights – Legal System Reform? • Executive – Cabinet – Forum of SA Directors General – Cabinet Clusters • Legislature – Proportional Representation (List System) – 3 tiers: Local, Provincial & National Parliaments • 37 National Departments • 9 Provinces • 6 metropolitan municipalities (2006: 45 000 candidates) • 231 local municipalities • 47 district municipalities

  12. Political • Complex system – Resulting from a negotiated • compromise • Developmental State stance – Capabilities @ Scale & Scope limiting • Public Participation uneven • Africa-wide Responsibilities – African Peer Review Mechanism HOME

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