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Descriptive Mineralogy Non-Silicates:

Descriptive Mineralogy Non-Silicates:. Carbonates. Classification of the Minerals. Silicates Orthosilicates Sorosilicates Cyclosilicates Chain Silicates Layer Silicates Tektosilicates. Non-Silicates Native Elements Halides Sulfides Carbonates Sulfates Phosphates Oxides Hydroxides.

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Descriptive Mineralogy Non-Silicates:

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  1. Descriptive MineralogyNon-Silicates: Carbonates

  2. Classification of the Minerals • Silicates • Orthosilicates • Sorosilicates • Cyclosilicates • Chain Silicates • Layer Silicates • Tektosilicates • Non-Silicates • Native Elements • Halides • Sulfides • Carbonates • Sulfates • Phosphates • Oxides • Hydroxides

  3. Carbonates • Calcite Group • Aragonite Group • Dolomite Group • Other carbonates

  4. Carbonate Periodic Table

  5. Calcite Group • Calcite CaCO3 • Magnesite MgCO3 • Siderite FeCO3 • Rhodochrosite MnCO3 • Smithsonite ZnCO3

  6. Calcite Structure • Space Group R-3c • Divalent cation radius < 1.00Å

  7. Calcite CaCO3

  8. Calcite CaCO3 Occurrence: Sedimentary: Detrital and Evaporite limestones Metamorphic: Marble Low temperature hydrothermal. Igneous: Carbonatites, Kimberlites Uses: Building stone, Sculpture, Gravel and paving Acid mine drainage mitigation

  9. Rhodochrosite MnCO3 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Uses: Mineral Specimens

  10. Siderite FeCO3 Occurrence:Low temperature hydrothermal. Use; Minor ore of Fe

  11. Magnesite MgCO3 Occurrence: olivine weathering Uses: Chalk CO2 Sequestration?

  12. Smithsonite ZnCO3 Occurrence: Oxidized Hydrothermal (after sphalerite) Uses: Minor ore of Zn

  13. Aragonite Group • Aragonite CaCO3 • Strontianite CaCO3 • Witherite BaCO3 • Cerussite PbCO3

  14. Aragonite Structure • Space Group Pbnm • Cation Radius > 1.00Å

  15. Aragonite CaCO3 Occurrence: High pressure rocks Some shells Boiler scale Uses: None

  16. Strontianite SrCO3 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Uses: Principal source of Sr (used in fireworks, ammunition, flares)

  17. Witherite BaCO3 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Uses: Rat Poison

  18. Witherite transforms at RT from orthorhombic to trigonal • Witherite (BaCO3) • 0 GPa 8.0 GPa

  19. Cerussite PbCO3 Occurrence: Oxidized Hydrothermal Uses: Minor ore of Pb

  20. Dolomite Group • Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 • Ankerite CaFe(CO3)2

  21. Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Occurrence: Sedimentary, Igneous (carbonantites) Uses: None

  22. Other Carbonates • Malachite Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 • Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 • Bastnasite CeCO3F • Bastnasite REECO3F

  23. Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Supergene Cu Uses: Minor ore of Cu, gems and ornaments

  24. Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Supergene Cu Uses: Minor ore of Cu, gems and ornaments

  25. Bastnasite CeCO3F Occurrence: Pegmatite Uses: Principal Source of Rare Earth Elements

  26. Bastnasite CeCO3F

  27. Carbonate Periodic Table

  28. Gossans are Oxidized Hydrothermal Deposits

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