Georgia High School Graduation Test Study Slides

1. Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Napoleon Georgia High School Graduation Test Study Slides Taken straight from the state-issued study booklet (In other words, this is what the state wants you to know for the test!!!) Created and Compiled by Angel Cleary Grovetown High School

2. 1. God, Gold and Glory astrolabe cartography Prince Henry the Navigator Vasco Da Gama Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigate Christopher Columbus Samuel de Champlain James Cook Columbian Exchange New World Aztecs Incas

3. Age of Exploration – write the answer and get a point 1. The phrase that defines the Age of Exploration – Goals:Spread Christianity, Get gold, Make country and king powerful a device that shows date, time and direction by mapping the position of the sun and stars Literally means “map making” Founded a school for navigation; taught use of astrolabe, compass, and faster ships First to round the Cape of Africa; established a colony in India for the Portuguese First to circumnavigate the earth To go around Travelled to Cuba Tried to find the “Northwest Passage” to China Founded a penal colony in Australia for Great Britain A circle of trade and exchange of ideas named after the first explorer to reach the Americas What most exploreres called the new continents they found Native American civilization located in modern-day Mexico Native American civilization located in Modern-day peru

4. Age of Exploration 1490-1650 A.D. Silk Road • Time period during the Renaissance when Europeans began exploring the world • Began trying to find faster route to Asia and bypass the Muslim empires that were controlling the Silk Road land and water trade routes • Goals: • Spread Christianity (God) • Get gold (Gold) • Make country and king powerful (glory) • New inventions made exploration easier • Astrolabe, a device that shows date, time and direction by mapping the position of the sun and stars • Cartography – map-making becomes more accurate

5. Age of Exploration cont… R.I.P. Here lies Ferdinand Magellan a.k.a “Almost There” I still look good even with scurvy. Go suck on a lemon. EXPLORERS TO KNOW Portugal – first to explore world 1400s • Prince Henry the Navigator – 1420s -founded a school for exploration teaching use of astrolabe, sailing techniques, and new ships exploring West coast of Africa • Vasco Da Gama – 1498 first to sail around the horn of Africa and reach India by this route Spain – becomes world power through exploration – 1500s • Christopher Columbus -1492– Italian, sailed for Spain; discovered “New World”; landed in Caribbean but thought he landed in India, so he called the people he met “Indians” *The place he discovered became known as the “West Indies” (West India) • Ferdinand Magellan 1521– Portuguese; sailed for Spain; tried to find western water route to China; first to circumnavigate the world; died in the Philippines but his crew makes it back France – early 1600s Samuel de Champlain – 1608 – first to explore Great Lakes area;founded the colony of Quebec in what is modern-day Canada \ England – overtakes Spain as world power – 1700s James Cook –1760s - explored the pacific Ocean; claimed Australia for Great Britain; later became a penal colony

6. Age of Exploration cont… Or, a global transfer of goods and ideas from Americas, Europe and Africa Columbian Exchange From Europe GUNS HORSES Citrus Fruits Wheat Oats Cattle Pig Smallpox Flu Christianity From New World MAIZE POTATO Turkey Tomato Vanilla Tobacco Cocoa Syphilis From Middle East and Asian Countries Coffee Rice Black Pepper From Africa SLAVES Bananas Malaria

7. Effects of Columbian Exchange Most of the native Americans in South America died from the diseases brought over by the Europeans. Most of those that didn’t were conquered, forced to become slaves or workers, and forced to convert to Christianity.

8. Review Questions • The route depicted on this map was first travelled by • Ferdinand Magellan • Vasco da Gama • Erasmus • Christopher Columbus Vasco da Gama explored for Portugal and was the first to round the horn of Africa

9. 2. A Spanish explorer learning Aztec languages, an Incan becoming Christian, a European eating new foods like potatoes, slaves being taken to the New World, and an Englishman marrying a Native American woman are all examples of • Slave trade • New inventions • Atlantic Trade • Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange brought cultures all over the world in contact with each other’s customs, beliefs, and goods.

10. 3. He believed that India could be reached by sailing west and discovered what would be known as the Americas. • Vasco do Gama • Samuel de Champlain • Ferdinand Magellan • Christopher Columbus Columbus discovered the “new world’ but thought he landed in India; thus that area of the Caribbean was called the “West Indies”

11. 4. The invention that had the greatest impact on exploration was the • Smaller ships • astrolabe • compass • Printing press

12. 5. If you were a native American living in the new world, you would probably feel ______ about/by the Columbian Exchange • Apathetic • Elated • Dismayed • Amused The Columbian Exchange killed off most of the native Americans and those who survived were often taken as slaves

13. 6. Which country was the first to successfully embark on long range voyages during the age of exploration? • Portugal • France • Spain • England Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator started a school for navigation and successfully explored the West Coast of Africa

14. Map Review: • Prince Henry’s Sailors • Vasco Da Gama • Ferdinand Magellan • Christopher Columbus • Samuel de Champlain • James Cook

15. Life Away from Home • Merchants travelled for months away from home – even years • Families were separated for years • Many men took a second wife and family in the New World but sent money home • Women, left behind, wrote to their husbands and took care of their children

16. Quiz • What caused European countries to begin exploring the world initially? • Very soon, however, exploration became about these 3 main goals. (describe them) 2. 3. 4. • What European country controlled the red area on the map to the right? • What man conquered the ancient Aztecs? • The Aztecs practiced human ___________ as a part of their religious beliefs. • What man conquered the ancient Incas? • The Incas had a ___________ system made of (10.) __________ that would rival the ancient (11.) __________ Empire. • In the Incan Empire, conquistadors discovered _________ mines, a precious metal which was not as valuable as gold, but still made the country of _________ very rich. • Define “conquistador.” • In which modern-day country were the Aztecs located? • In which modern-day country were the Incas located? • What religion (be specific) were the conquistadors? • Why is this ironic based on what we know about their actions in the new world? • In class we read excerpts, or segments, from The Devastation of the Indies. Explain at least 3 horrific acts the Europeans took against the Native American tribes. 18. 19. 20. • EXTRA CREDIT • Which country colonized the area to the right as indicated by the color purple?