1.4 Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chap. 2)

1. 1.4 Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chap. 2) There are two types of glaciation. Continental Glaciation Alpine Glaciation

2. Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32)

3. Continental Glaciation • Continental glaciers cover parts of continental land masses; ex Greenland

5. Alpine Glaciation • Alpine glaciers form high in mountain valleys; above the snow-line

6. C E D B A Alpine Glaciation

8. Similarities Both move and cause erosion Both change the landscape Both developed in constantly cold < 0 0C Differences Location Alpine = mountain Continental = earth poles Size Alpine = smaller Continental = larger Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32)

9. Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratics, drumlins & eskers. (P. 33 Q.12) • These features are associated with continental glaciation. • See picture p. 34

10. Outwash plain • Similar to a river delta • Melt water flowing from the glacier deposits silt • Deposited in layers • Small particles carried further away • Larger particles drop closer to the glacier Outwash plain

11. Outwash Plain

12. Continental Glacier – Outwash Plain Outwash Plain

13. Continental…Outwash plain

14. Continental…Outwash plain

15. Terminal moraine • Heap or ridge of bulldozed gravel that marks the end of the forward motion of a glacier • As glacier retreats it deposits debris/gravel • P. 34

16. Continental…Terminal Moraine Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain

17. Continental…Terminal Moraine

18. Erratics • Large boulders that were transported long distances and dropped • They now sit in a region and look very much out-of-place. • P. 34

19. Erratic

20. Erratic

21. Continental…Erratic Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain Erratic

22. Drumlins p. 34 • Egg shaped hill • Formed under glaciers • Sloped or Pointy end points in direction of ice flow

23. Drumlins p. 34 • Formation • Ice melts under glacier • Deposits of gravel made • Glacier moves forward • Deposits are bull-dozed along and catches up in rough areas forming piles or drumlins.

24. Drumlin What direction did the glacier move?

25. Continental…Drumlin Drumlins Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain Erratic

26. Esker p. 34 • Long deposits of eroded glacial material • Formed by sub-glacial streams that deposit material like all rivers. • Highways of the North!!

27. Esker

28. Esker

29. Continental…Esker Drumlins Terminal Moraine Esker Outwash Plain Erratic

30. Examine evidence for the direction of movement of glaciers. (P. 34 question # 13) • Sloped end of drumlin • Location of terminal moraine • What is direction of glacier movement in this picture?

31. Continental…Outwash Plain

32. Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, lateral moraine, and terminal moraine. (P. 36) • These features are associated with alpine glaciers

33. Alpine glaciers • Alpine glaciers are like very slow moving rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys.

34. Cirque (p. 36) • a circular hollow cut into bedrock during glaciation • Side and back walls are steep but front wall opens downward

35. Cirque - How formed? • Alpine glacier freezes onto mountain valley and as is proceeds it plucks rock from the mountain top leaving the cirque shape.

36. C E D Cirque B A

37. Cirque

38. Arête p. 36 • Steep, jagged, narrow, knife edged ridge between two cirques or glacier valleys.

39. Arete C E D Cirque B A

40. Arête

41. Truncated Spur • Blunt-ended ridge of rock jutting from the side of a glacial trough, or valley

42. Arete C E D Cirque B Truncated spurs A

43. Horn or Pyramidal Peak • is a mountaintop (peak) that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation.

44. Arete C E Horn D Cirque B Truncated spurs A

45. Horn

46. Hanging Valley • A high level tributary valley from which the ground falls sharply to the level of the lower, main valley. • The depth of the lower valley is due to more severe glaciation. Most noticeable once glacier has melted!

47. Hanging Valley

48. Hanging Valley

49. Hanging Valley in Newfoundland • Hanging Valley in Gros Morne National park . • Trout River pond

50. Lateral Moraine • Moraine means 'rock waste'.It is also known as glacial till • Lateral Moraine is the land-form deposited at the side of a glacier • Debris/waste rock drops off the side of the mountain as the glacier moves forming a ridge of debris at the outer-sides of the glacier.