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R&D of Focusing Aerogel RICH detectors

R&D of Focusing Aerogel RICH detectors. Presented by Sergey Kononov

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R&D of Focusing Aerogel RICH detectors

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  1. R&D of Focusing Aerogel RICH detectors Presented by Sergey Kononov A.Yu.Barnyakovabe, M.Yu.Barnyakovabc, K.I.Beloborodovabe, V.S.Bobrovnikovab, A.R.Buzykaevab, A.F.Danilyukbd, D.A.Finogeevf, V.V.Gulevicha, A.A.Katcinac, P.S.Kirilenkoab, S.A.Kononovabe, D.V.Kordaabe, E.A.Kravchenkoab, A.B.Kurepinf, I.A.Kuyanovabe, A.P.Onuchinabc, I.V.Ovtinabc, N.A.Podgornovabe, A.I.Reshetinf, A.A.Talyshevab, E.A.Usenkof aBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics b Novosibirsk State University c Novosibirsk State Technical University dBoreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia f Institute of Nuclear Research RAS, Moscow, Russia e FSBI NRC "Kurchatov Institute" – ITEP Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics (INSTR-17) March 2, 2017

  2. Aerogel RICH short history LHCb aerogel tile • Mid 1990ties– silica aerogel was proposed for use in RICHD.E. Fields et al., NIM A 349 (1994) 431R.De Leo, et al., NIM A 401 (1997) 187 • 1995-200x – LHCb RICH1 with gaseous and aerogel radiator (Novosibirsk aerogel n=1.03)T. Ypsilantis, J. Seguinot, NIM A 368 (1995) 229LHCb RICH TDR (2000) CERN LHCC 2000-037 • 1998 – HERMES RICH with gaseous and aerogel radiators (Matsushita aerogel n=1.03)D. Ryckbosch, NIM A433 (1999) 98R.De Leo, NIM A 595 (2008) 19 • 2003-2004 – focusing multilayer aerogel radiator was proposed to improve proximity focusing RICHP. Krizan, Aerogel RICH, talk at SuperB wokshop in Hawaii, Jan 2004A.Yu. Barnyakov, et al., Focusing aerogel RICH, NIM A 553 (2005) 70 HERMES RICH aerogel radiator First multi-layer aerogel Sergey Kononov

  3. Quartz vs Aerogel radiators Difference in Cherenkov angle θc for π and K Bands – chromatic dispersion in 350-700 nm n=1.05 Sergey Kononov

  4. Focusing Aerogel RICH (FARICH) First sample of 4-layer aerogel Multi-layer monolith aerogels have been being produced by the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis in cooperation with the Budker INP since 2004. n=1.030 6.0mm 3-layer aerogel 115x115x41 mm3 n=1.027 6.3mm Focusing aerogel improves proximity focusing design by reducing the contribution of radiator thickness into the Cherenkov angle resolution n=1.024 6.7mm n=1.022 7.0mm T.Iijima et al., NIM A548 (2005) 383A.Yu.Barnyakov et al., NIM A553 (2005) 70 Sergey Kononov

  5. FARICH-like projects and proposals SuperB Forward RICH Belle II Aerogel RICHSee talk by Luka Santelj FARICH for Super Charm-Tau factory Closed FARICH for ALICE HMPID upgrade PANDA Forward RICH Closed Sergey Kononov

  6. SuperB Forward RICH project(closed) Radiator: 4- or 2-layer aerogel + NaF PD: Photonis MCP PMTs Sergey Kononov

  7. FARICH for Super Charm-Tau Factory μ/π: MC simulation MPPC & 4-layer aerogel μ momentum range for τ → μγ atEcm=4.2GeV • Proximity focusing RICH • ~21 m2photon detector area • Use SiPMs due to 1T magnetic field • ~106pixels with 4 mm pitch • 4-layer or gradient aerogel radiator μ/πis required for LFV search in τ→μγ. Target sensitivity on Br(τ→μγ) ~10-9 This PID level is not achievable with DIRC-like detectors Sergey Kononov

  8. SiPMs in RICH applications Pros • Excellent single photon resolution • High PDE • Sub-ns timing resolution • Immune to strong magnetic field • Very compact Cons • High dark count rate (10-100 kHz/mm2) • Radiation induced damage (~1010 n1MeV/cm2) S. Korpar et al., NIM A 594 (2008) 13 A.Y. Barnyakov et al., NIM A 732 (2013) 352 S. Korpar et al., NIM A 766 (2014) 107 M. Contalbrigo, NIM A 787 (2014) 224 I. Balossino et al., NIM A (2016) [doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.01.074] See talk by Yuri Museinko “Advances in Solid State Photon Detectors” Sergey Kononov

  9. First tests of Novosibirsk multilayer aerogels at KEK (2005) KEK-PS π2 beam line 3x3 H8500 MAPMTs Aerogel π @ 3GeV/c Focusing effect for single layer aerogel with non-homogenious refractive index observed Tracking by 2 MWPCs Sergey Kononov

  10. Tests of Novosibirsk multilayer aerogels at Frascati (2009) 3-layer aerogel Frascati Beam Test Facility 8 H9500 MAPMTs Aerogel Single layer aerogel 500 MeV/c e− C. Arnaboldi et al, Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements197 (2009) 57doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.10.034 R. De Leo et al, NIM A 617 (2010) 381 doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.084 Sergey Kononov

  11. FARICH detector prototype withCPTA MRS APDsBINP e− test beam in 2011 32 CPTA MRS APDswith active pixel size 2.1x2.1mm2 4-layer aerogel focusing at 62 mm n1=1,050 t1=6,2mm n2=1,041 t2=7,0mm n3=1,035 t3=7,7mm n4=1,030t4=9,7mm Size: 100x100x31mm3 Lsc(400nm) =43mm Sergey Kononov

  12. Cherenkov ring observation with single pixels Sum of all pixels w.r.t. track position Given a tracking system and enough particle statistics, a single PD pixel is enough to build the distribution of Cherenkov photons on Rch (θch). Many pixels can be combined to improve accuracy and align the tracking system with the PD pixels Sergey Kononov

  13. Focusing Aerogel beam test in Novosibirsk (2011) σr vs channel σr =1.1 mm σr =2.1 mm 4-layer aerogel Np.e. vs channel 4-layer aerogel (t=3cm) vs single layer aerogel (t=2cm) Focusing effect has been observed. σr=1.1mm– in rough agreement with MC simulation ‹Np.e.› = 13– 2 times less than expected Sergey Kononov

  14. PDPC-FARICH prototype beam test CERNPS/T10, 2012 Main objective: Proof of concept: full Cherenkov ring detection with a DPC array Details: • Operation temperature is −40°C to suppress dark count rate • Dead time is 720 ns. • DCR(+25°C) ≈ 10 Mcps/sensor single photon detection is not feasible! • DCR(-40°C) ≈ 100 kcps/sensorinefficiency is7% . • 2 stage cooling: LAUDA process thermostat + Peltiers. • Dry N2 constant flow to avoid condensation. Sergey Kononov

  15. PDPC-FARICH: Cherenkov ring P = 6 GeV/c e, μ, π, K p Sergey Kononov

  16. PDPC-FARICH: Particle ID Ring distribution on radius A.Yu. Barnyakov, et al., NIM A 732 (2013) 352 π /K:7.6σ @ 4 GeV/c μ/π: 5.3σ @ 1 GeV/c 2.6 times less than in initial MC simulation (with producer’s PDE and ideal aerogel) Sergey Kononov

  17. Refractive index of 4-layer aerogel tested at CERN X-ray scan Sergey Kononov

  18. PDPC-FARICH: timing resolution and number of photoelectrons Number of hits Hit time w.r.t. fitted event time, ns ‹Np.e.› = 12(accounted for optical crosstalks) 1.7 times lower than expecteddue to overevaluated DPC PDE by producer’s data σnarrow = 48ps Excellent single photon resolution for SiPMs Sergey Kononov

  19. PANDA Forward RICH Mirrors • Flat segments • Float glass substrate 2 mm thick • Al+SiO2 coating, R≥90% • Light-weight Al or carbon fiber support • Simplicity of production and positioning PD mirrors aerogel Photon Detector Hamamatsu H12700 MaPMT • flat panel, • 8x8 anode pixels of 6mm size • 87% active area ratio • Bialkali photocathode • Gain: 1.5∙106 • Good single p.e. amp resolution • Robust • Long lifetime • Works in the mag. field 25G (stray field of the dipole) Radiator • Focusing 2- or 3-layer aerogel • 40 mm thick • No gaseous radiator Sergey Kononov

  20. Readout options for PANDA FRICH Hamamatsu H12700B May be influenced by stray magnetic field Needs FEE Digital Photon Counter 720 ns sensor dead time Needs cooling Not radiation hard (lifetime ~1 year in PANDA FRICH w/o neutron shielding) Sergey Kononov

  21. DPC radiation hardness study COSY PS in IKP FZ Jülich protons @ 800 MeV/c PDE degradation due to DCR increase Effect of radiative damage on DCR 2 times drop 4∙109 n1MeV/cm2 DPC tiles cooled to −18°C Sergey Kononov

  22. PANDA FRICH performance (MC sim) Efficiency of reconstruction Sergey Kononov

  23. Continuous density gradient aerogel • To produce aerogel tiles with designed profile of gradient we modernized the method suggested by • [S.M. Jones “A method for producing gradient density aerogel”, J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 44 (2007) 255] • We mix two pre-prepared mixtures with different content of TEOS fed by peristaltic pumps from vessels A and B. • The mixture with designed concentration of TEOS seeps through the filter to the mould where gelation takes place. • The mould is positioned on the vertically moving table. The peristaltic pumps and moving table are controlled by a computer. Refractive index profile along thickness Sergey Kononov

  24. Conclusion • FARICH R&D was reviewed • Focusing aerogel is a perspective Cherenkov radiator for few-GeV momenta and proximity focusing design • Problems with production of monolithic multilayer aerogels with refractive index profile conforming to designed one • Continuous density gradient aerogels and stacked aerogel tiles are considered as alternatives Sergey Kononov

  25. Thank you for your attention!

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